Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study population
| Variables | All | Survivors | Non-survivors | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 74) | (N = 43) | (N = 31) | ||
| Demographics and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 64 (56, 72) | 60 (50, 68) | 68 (63, 79) | 0.001** |
| Gender (male%) | 43 (58.1) | 22 (51.1) | 21 (67.7) | 0.15 |
| Living in Wuhan (%) | 66 (89.19) | 41 (95.35) | 25 (80.65) | 0.04* |
| Hypertension (%) | 23 (31.0) | 14 (32.5) | 9 (29.0) | 0.75 |
| Diabetes (%) | 13 (17.5) | 9 (20.9) | 4 (12.9) | 0.37 |
| Length of stay (days) | 15.5 (9, 27) | 21 (15, 34) | 8 (4, 14) | <0.0001** |
| Symptoms and vital signs on admission | ||||
| Cough (%) | 52 (70.27) | 30 (69.77) | 22 (70.97) | 0.91 |
| Fever (%) | 57 (77.03) | 33 (76.74) | 24 (77.42) | 0.95 |
| Dyspnoea (%) | 40 (54.05) | 15 (34.88) | 25 (80.65) | <0.0001** |
| Confusion (%) | 9 (12.16) | 1 (2.33) | 8 (25.81) | 0.002** |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.6 (36.2, 37.5) | 36.5 (36.1, 36.8) | 36.95 (36.3, 37.9) | 0.03* |
| Respiratory rate ⩾24 bpm | 19 (26.39%) | 3 (7.32%) | 16 (51.61%) | <0.0001** |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 86 (78, 100) | 84 (77, 96) | 90 (82, 110) | 0.02* |
| SO2 < 90% on admission | 10 (15.15%) | 1 (2.5%) | 9 (34.62%) | 0.0004** |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131 (120, 146) | 130 (120, 141) | 140 (126, 156) | 0.17 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 96 (91, 98) | 97 (94, 98) | 90.5 (81, 95) | 0.18 |
| Radiology | ||||
| Bilateral patchy shadowing in chest CT | 72 (98.63%) | 42 (97.67%) | 30 (100%) | 0.4 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| Complete blood count (CBC) | ||||
| WBC (×109/l) | 6.73 (5.19, 8.24) | 6.29 (4.91, 7.62) | 8.2 (5.93, 10.93) | 0.002** |
| Neutrophil (×109/l) | 5.55 (3.96, 7.2) | 4.44 (3.63, 5.79) | 7.21 (5.28, 10.11) | <0.0001** |
| Lymphocyte(×109/l) | 0.89 (0.58, 1.37) | 1.09 (0.84, 1.42) | 0.66 (0.42, 0.88) | 0.0002** |
| NLR | 6.51 (3.43, 10.28) | 4.13 (2.4, 6.58) | 10.29 (7.25, 20.93) | <0.0001** |
| Monocyte (×109/l) | 0.37 (0.24, 0.54) | 0.42 (0.33, 0.6) | 0.27 (0.2, 0.39) | 0.003** |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 126 (111, 142) | 123.5 (115, 145) | 127 (105, 137) | 0.72 |
| Platelet (×109/l) | 190 (153, 235) | 207.5 (168, 258) | 162 (120, 213) | 0.006** |
| Inflammatory or tissue injury markers | ||||
| C reactive protein (mg/l) | 40.95 (10.63, 92.29) | 25.29 (4.78, 55.1) | 85.07 (53.59, 115.225) | <0.0001** |
| Lactic dehydrogenase (U/l) | 370 (214.5, 531.5) | 252 (185.5, 327) | 541 (443.5, 602) | <0.0001** |
| α-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (U/l) | 306.5 (170, 449) | 201 (149, 250) | 449 (360, 505) | <0.0001** |
| Liver and renal function | ||||
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/l) | 33.5 (23, 52) | 29.5 (21, 48) | 48 (28.5, 69) | 0.01* |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/l) | 35 (22, 49) | 29.5 (20, 40) | 48 (30, 72.5) | 0.001** |
| Serum pre-albumin (mg/l) | 131.4 (85.9, 209.9) | 171.1 (115.7, 247.6) | 85.9 (61.1, 129.1) | <0.0001** |
| Serum albumin (g/l) | 29.4 (25.4, 33.8) | 32.65 (26.8, 38.4) | 26.55 (24.4, 28.65) | <0.0001** |
| BUN (mmol/l) | 6.41 (4.39, 10.09) | 5.35 (3.78, 7.78) | 8.91 (5.97, 14.48) | 0.001** |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 90.74 (68.92, 111.717) | 93.4 (67.71, 118.465) | 77.81 (71.6, 97.739) | 0.14 |
| Cardiac injury markers | ||||
| CK (U/l) | 78.5 (45, 170) | 54.5 (39, 99) | 149.5 (75, 251.5) | 0.001** |
| CK-MB (U/l) | 13 (10, 20) | 11 (8.5, 14) | 19 (13, 23) | <0.0001** |
| Coagulation | ||||
| Prothrombin time (s) | 13.55 (12.7, 14.7) | 13.1 (12.5, 13.9) | 14.3 (13.5, 15.1) | 0.002** |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (s) | 37.15 (33.5, 42.3) | 36.6 (33.5, 40.1) | 39.2 (34.2, 43) | 0.30 |
| D-Dimer (μg/ml) | 0.86 (0.3, 6) | 0.5 (0.26, 1.685) | 8 (1.53, 8) | 0.0002** |
| CURB-65 score | <0.0001** | |||
| 0–1 | 45 (60.81%) | 35 (81.40%) | 10 (32.26%) | |
| 2 | 21 (28.38%) | 8 (18.60%) | 13 (41.94%) | |
| ⩾3 | 8 (10.81%) | 0 | 8 (25.81%) | |