Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of consumption and lack of access to medicines in Manaus, 2019 (N=2,321).
| Variables | Consumption of medicines a | Lack of access to medicines a | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | p-value | PR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Sex | 0.048 | 0.902 | 0.007 | 0.050 | |||||
| Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Women | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 1.65 (1.14–2.39) | 1.43 (1.00–2.04) | |||||
| Age group (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.714 | - b | |||||
| 18–24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | - b | |||||
| 25–34 | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 1.04 (0.89–1.21) | 0.80 (0.47–1.37) | - b | |||||
| 35–44 | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) | 0.92 (0.79–1.08) | 1.09 (0.64–1.86) | - b | |||||
| 45–59 | 1.33 (1.15–1.53) | 1.08 (0.93–1.25) | 1.01 (0.62–1.65) | - b | |||||
| ≥ 60 | 1.58 (1.36–1.83) | 1.27 (1.09–1.49) | 1.18 (0.67–2.10) | - b | |||||
| Ethnicity | 0.724 | - b | 0.976 | - b | |||||
| White/Asian | 1.00 | - b | 1.00 | - b | |||||
| Non-White/Asian | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | - b | 0.99 (0.57–1.72) | - b | |||||
| Economic classification c | 0.032 | 0.083 | 0.020 | 0.404 | |||||
| A/B | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| C | 0.91 (0.79–1.04) | 0.92 (0.80–1.06) | 1.18 (0.67–2.07) | 1.00 (0.56–1.78) | |||||
| D/E | 0.83 (0.71–0.96) | 0.84 (0.72–0.99) | 1.84 (1.04–3.24) | 1.26 (0.68–2.35) | |||||
| Educational level | 0.004 | 0.039 | 0.032 | 0.822 | |||||
| Higher education or above | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| High school | 0.79 (0.68–0.92) | 0.85 (0.72–0.99) | 1.46 (0.57–3.72) | 1.33 (0.55–3.22) | |||||
| Elementary school | 0.73 (0.61–0.87) | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) | 1.78 (0.67–4.73) | 1.51 (0.58–3.95) | |||||
| Less than elementary school | 0.82 (0.70–0.97) | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) | 2.49 (0.96–6.48) | 1.50 (0.58–3.89) | |||||
| Health status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Fair | 1.47 (1.34–1.61) | 1.27 (1.16–1.40) | 2.34 (1.62–3.38) | 1.82 (1.23–2.69) | |||||
| Poor | 1.58 (1.38–1.81) | 1.30 (1.11–1.52) | 3.83 (2.46–5.96) | 2.46 (1.50–4.04) | |||||
| Health insurance | 0.091 | 0.371 | 0.132 | 0.609 | |||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.11 (0.98–1.26) | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 0.71 (0.45–1.11) | 0.89 (0.57–1.40) | |||||
| Seek for healthcare services a | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.010 | 0.199 | |||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.52 (1.40–1.66) | 1.37 (1.26–1.49) | 1.55 (1.11–2.17) | 1.24 (0.89–1.72) | |||||
| Chronic diseases | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.010 | |||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.56 (1.40–1.73) | 1.36 (1.22–1.52) | 2.61 (1.66–4.10) | 1.84 (1.16–2.92) | |||||
a
In the previous 15 days.
b
Removed from the multivariate regression (p>0.20 in unadjusted analysis).
c
According to the Brazilian Economic Criteria, where A refers to the wealthiest and E to the poorest.