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. 2020 Oct 6;11:587913. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587913

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Copyright © 2020 Yang, Xu, Fan, Tu, Wang, Ha, Williams and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Lactate promotes YAP phosphorylation and decreases YAP nuclear levels in macrophages. Macrophages (Raw 267.4) were treated with lactate (10 mM) 1 h prior to LPS stimulation. (A) Lactate promotes YAP phosphorylation and suppresses LPS induced increases in YAP levels in cytosol and in the nucleus. (B) Lactate promotes LATS and AMPK phosphorylation. (C, D) AMPK inhibition by compound C (CC) abolished lactate promoted phosphorylation of LATS and YAP and attenuated lactate decreased YAP levels in the cytosol and in the nucleus. Macrophages were treated with AMPK inhibitor CC 1 h before the cells were treated with lactate followed by LPS stimulation. AMPK inhibitor decreased AMPK phosphorylation, prevented lactate-induced phosphorylation of LATS and YAP and abolished lactate decreased YAP levels in the cytosol and in the nucleus. N/group = at least three independent experiments. Values are mean ± SD. P values were made by comparison with indicated groups (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).