Table 1.
Meta-analyses results regarding ALFF difference between MDD and HCs, BD and HCs, as well as between MDD and BD (vs. HCs), respectively.
| Local maximum | Cluster | Egger’s test (p value) | Jackknife sensitivity | Heterogeneity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region | Peak MNI coordinate (x, y, z) | SDM-Z value | p value | No. of voxels | Breakdown (No. of voxels) | |||
| MDD vs. HCs (MDD > HCs) | ||||||||
| Right superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, BA 11 | 4, 36, −12 | 2.56 | 5.19e−6 | 1970 |
Left superior frontal gyrus, BA 10 (229) Right anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, BA 11 (235) Left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, BA 10 (380) |
0.158 | 56/56 | No |
| Left insula | −36, −16, 4 | 1.62 | 4.80e−4 | 1724 |
Left putamen, BA 48 (217) Left heschl gyrus, BA 48 (90) Left superior longitudinal fasciculus III (89) Left inferior frontal gyrus, BA 48 (99) Left striatum (53) Left hippocampus (99) Left amygdala, BA 34 (23) |
0.902 | 56/56 | No |
| Right insula, BA 48 | 36, −14, 6 | 1.64 | 4.44e−4 | 1033 |
Right putamen, BA 48 (163) Right rolandic operculum, BA 48 (139) Right heschl gyrus, BA 48 (120) |
0.896 | 55/56 | No |
| Left supramarginal gyrus, BA 48 | −56, −40, 24 | 1.56 | 6.50e−4 | 240 | Left superior temporal gyrus, BAs 42, 48 (116) | 0.680 | 56/56 | No |
| MDD vs. HCs (MDD < HCs) | ||||||||
| Right cerebellum, hemispheric lobule VI, BA 18 | 16, −84, −16 | −1.74 | 1.03e−5 | 1495 |
Right lingual gyrus, BA 18 (393) Right inferior network, inferior longitudinal fasciculus (146) Right fusiform gyrus, BA 19 (86) Right calcarine fissure/surrounding cortex, BA 18 (81) Right inferior occipital gyrus, BA 18 (107) |
0.725 | 56/56 | No |
| Left cerebellum, crus I | −42, −54, −34 | −1.53 | 7.22e−5 | 1035 | 0.015 | 56/56 | No | |
| Left cuneus cortex, BA 19 | −6, −82, 34 | −1.64 | 2.06e−5 | 630 |
Left precuneus, BA 7 (79) Corpus callosum (54) Left superior occipital gyrus, BA 19 (25) |
0.948 | 56/56 | No |
| Left inferior network, inferior longitudinal fasciculus | −36, −78, 2 | −1.32 | 5.37e−4 | 178 |
Left middle occipital gyrus, BAs 18, 19 (106) Left inferior occipital gyrus, BA 19 (28) |
0.024 | 54/56 | No |
| Right precuneus, BA 5 | 6, −58, 58 | −1.11 | 2.40e−4 | 32 | 0.533 | 54/56 | No | |
| BD vs. HCs (BD > HCs) | ||||||||
| Right inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, BA 47 | 48, 28, −4 | 2.63 | <e−10 | 4243 |
Right insula, BAs 47, 48 (810) Right striatum (280) Right putamen, BA 48 (237) Right rolandic operculum, BA 48 (204) Right temporal pole, superior temporal gyrus, BA 38 (214) Right superior longitudinal fasciculus III (120) Right amygdala, BA 34 (116) Right superior temporal gyrus, BA 48 (68) |
0.164 | 15/15 | No |
| Left insula, BA 48 | −32, 14, 6 | 2.18 | 6.19e−5 | 1114 |
Left striatum (220) Left putamen (214) Left superior longitudinal fasciculus III (63) Left inferior frontal gyrus, BAs 45, 48 (71) Left amygdala, BA 34 (24) |
0.678 | 15/15 | No |
| Right superior frontal gyrus, orbital prefrontal gyrus, BA 11 | 22, 50, −12 | 2.85 | <e−10 | 305 |
Right middle frontal gyrus, BA 11 (51) Right striatum (27) |
0.881 | 15/15 | Yes |
| Left inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part, BA 47 | −38, 48, −12 | 1.81 | 9.65e−4 | 257 | 0.451 | 13/15 | No | |
| Right superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, BA 10 | 12, 48, −6 | 2.32 | 1.03e−5 | 139 | 0.665 | 15/15 | Yes | |
| Right superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral, BA 8 | 20, 14, 54 | 1.63 | 2.75e−3 | 67 | 0.238 | 13/15 | No | |
| Right inferior network, inferior longitudinal fasciculus | 36, 0, −30 | 1.68 | 2.19e−3 | 34 | 0.533 | 15/15 | No | |
| BD vs. HCs (BD < HCs) | ||||||||
| Left cerebellum, hemispheric lobule VI, BA 18 | −18, −70, −22 | −2.85 | 1.03e−5 | 3628 |
Left lingual gyrus, BA 18 (553) Left fusiform gyrus, BA 18 (224) Left calcarine fissure/surrounding cortex, BA 17 (103) Left inferior occipital gyrus, BAs 18, 19 (29) Right lingual gyrus, BA 17 (42) |
0.388 | 15/15 | No |
| Right precuneus | 2, −52, 48 | −1.90 | 2.53e−4 | 568 | Left precuneus (325) | 0.301 | 15/15 | No |
| Left anterior cingulate / paracingulate gyri, BA 32 | −10, 44, 8 | −1.42 | 3.30e−3 | 69 | 0.938 | 14/15 | No | |
| Left superior temporal gyrus, BA 48 | −52, −20, 12 | −1.44 | 3.04e−3 | 59 | 0.366 | 12/15 | No | |
| MDD > HCs vs. BD > HCs (MDD > BD) | ||||||||
| Left lingual gyrus, BA 17 | −4, −74, −4 | −2.37 | 2.17e−4 | 1283 |
Left cerebellum, BAs 17 18 19 (628) Left fusiform gyurs, BAs 18 19 (69) |
0.526 | /71 | No |
| Left median network, cingulum | −8, 40, −2 | −2.38 | 2.17e−4 | 773 |
Left anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri, BAs 10 11 32 24 25 (420) Left superior frontal gyrus, BAs 10 11 32 (136) Corpus callosum (86) Left gyrus rectus, BA 11 (22) |
0.220 | /71 | No |
| Right median cingulate / paracingulate gyri, BA 23 | 4, −48, 32 | −1.71 | 1.78e−3 | 253 |
Right precuneus (50) Left precuneus (28) Right posterior cingulate gyrus, BA 23 (33) Left posterior cingulate gyrus, BA 23 (45) |
0.170 | /71 | No |
| Left superior temporal gyrus, BA 48 | −42, −18, −4 | −1.52 | 3.62e−3 | 36 | 0.605 | /71 | No | |
| MDD > HCs vs. BD > HCs (MDD < BD) | /71 | No | ||||||
| Right insula, BA 48 | 44, 14, −2 | 3.16 | <e−10 | 1286 |
Right inferior frontal gyrus, BAs 45 47 48 (459) Right superior longitudinal fasciculus III (64) Right rolandic operculum, BA 48 (60) Right anterior thalamic projections (27) Right temporal pole (53) |
0.560 | /71 | No |
| Right superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital, BA 10 | 12, 50, −6 | 3.22 | <e−10 | 459 |
Corpus callosum (83) Right striatum (26) Right middle frontal gyrus, BA 11 (26) |
0.804 | /71 | Yes |
| Right striatum | 20, 2, −8 | 2.04 | 5.78e−4 | 318 |
Right lenticular nucleus, putamen, BA 48 (39) Right amygdala, BA 34 (31) |
0.927 | /71 | No |
| Right frontal superior longitudinal | 20, 14, 52 | 1.58 | 3.07e−3 | 23 | 0.749 | /71 | No | |
| Right fusiform gyrus, BA 20 | 36, −4, −42 | 1.54 | 3.54e−3 | 20 | 0.363 | /71/ | No | |
| Left striatum | −18, 6, 0 | 1.67 | 2.24e−3 | 16 | 0.212 | /71 | No | |
HCs healthy controls, MDD major depressive disorder, BD bipolar disorder, MNI Montreal Neurological Institute, SDM seed-based d mapping, BA Brodmann area.