Table 1.
Recipient and Transplant Characteristics According to the Type of Induction Therapy Used.
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 430) | Basiliximab alone (n = 305) | ATG alone (n = 93) | Basiliximab + ATG (n = 32) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recipients factors | ||||
| Age (years) | 54.0 [42.0-62.0] | 53.0 [40.0-62.0] | 57.0 [47.0-63.0]* | 58.0 [44.0-63.5] |
| >65 years | 58 (13.5) | 39 (12.8) | 15 (16.1) | 4 (12.5) |
| Female sex | 128 (29.8) | 85 (27.9) | 35 (37.6) | 8 (25.0) |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 292 (67.9) | 209 (68.5) | 62 (66.7) | 21 (65.6) |
| Black | 16 (3.7) | 9 (3.0) | 5 (5.4) | 2 (6.3) |
| Asian | 28 (6.5) | 21 (6.9) | 7 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Othera | 87 (20.2) | 60 (19.7) | 18 (19.4) | 9 (28.1) |
| Missing | 7 (1.6) | 6 (2.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 [23.1-30.3] | 26.5 [23.0-30.1] | 26.1 [23.1-29.2] | 29.0 [24.2-33.5]* |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 14 (3.3) | 10 (3.3) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (3.1) |
| Normal (18.5-24.9) | 148 (34.4) | 107 (35.1) | 32 (34.4) | 9 (28.1) |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 154 (35.8) | 109 (35.7) | 38 (40.9) | 7 (21.9) |
| Obese (≥30) | 113 (26.3) | 78 (25.6) | 20 (21.5) | 15 (46.9)* |
| Missing | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Primary cause of end-stage kidney disease | ||||
| Glomerulonephritis | 178 (41.4) | 138 (45.2) | 34 (36.6) | 6 (18.8)* |
| Diabetes mellitus | 86 (20.0) | 54 (17.7) | 18 (19.4) | 14 (43.8)** |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 48 (11.2) | 32 (10.5) | 13 (14.0) | 3 (9.4) |
| Hypertension | 10 (2.3) | 7 (2.3) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (3.1) |
| Other | 101 (23.5) | 70 (23.0) | 24 (25.8) | 7 (21.9) |
| Missing | 7 (1.6) | 4 (1.3) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (3.1) |
| Pretransplant dialysis modality | ||||
| Hemodialysis | 269 (62.6) | 175 (57.4) | 71 (76.3)** | 23 (71.9) |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 109 (25.3) | 83 (27.2) | 19 (20.4) | 7 (21.9) |
| Pre-emptive | 43 (10.0) | 40 (13.1) | 2 (2.2)* | 1 (3.1) |
| Missing | 9 (2.1) | 7 (2.3) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (3.1) |
| Dialysis duration (years) | 3.1 [2.2-4.1] | 3.1 [2.2-5.2] | 3.0 [2.3-5.0] | 3.1 [2.2-4.4] |
| ABO blood group | ||||
| A | 175 (40.7) | 118 (38.7) | 43 (46.2) | 14 (43.8) |
| B | 63 (14.7) | 41 (13.4) | 19 (20.4) | 3 (9.4) |
| O | 164 (38.1) | 122 (40.0) | 29 (31.2) | 13 (40.6) |
| AB | 28 (6.5) | 24 (7.9) | 2 (2.2) | 2 (6.3) |
| cPRA (%) | 0.0 [0.0-38.0] | 0.0 [0.0-27.0] | 52.0 [0.0-98.0]*** | 2.0 [0.0-36.0] |
| 0 | 209 (48.6) | 171 (56.1) | 24 (25.8)*** | 14 (43.8) |
| 1-9 | 36 (8.4) | 25 (8.2) | 8 (8.6) | 3 (9.4) |
| 10-79 | 111 (25.8) | 79 (25.9) | 24 (25.8) | 8 (25.0) |
| ≥80 | 48 (11.2) | 11 (3.6) | 33 (35.5)*** | 4 (12.5)* |
| Missing | 26 (6.0) | 19 (6.2) | 4 (4.3) | 3 (9.4) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Previous organ transplant | 14 (3.3) | 10 (3.3) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (3.1) |
| Hypertension | 382 (88.8) | 273 (89.5) | 80 (86.0) | 29 (90.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 138 (32.1) | 93 (30.5) | 28 (30.1) | 17 (53.1)* |
| Myocardial infarction | 26 (6.0) | 17 (5.6) | 5 (5.4) | 4 (12.5) |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 25 (5.8) | 19 (6.2) | 4 (4.3) | 2 (6.3) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 26 (6.0) | 14 (4.6) | 5 (5.4) | 7 (21.9)** |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 30 (7.0) | 20 (6.6) | 7 (7.5) | 3 (9.4) |
| Malignancy | 58 (13.5) | 34 (11.1) | 18 (19.4)* | 6 (18.8) |
| Maintenance immunosuppressionb | ||||
| Tac + MPA/MMF/AZA + Pred | 411 (95.6) | 291 (95.4) | 89 (95.7) | 31 (96.9) |
| Tac + MPA/MMF/AZA | 9 (2.1) | 8 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.1) |
| Tac or Tac + Pred | 7 (1.6) | 6 (2.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Missing | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.2)* | 0 (0.0) |
| Transplant factors | ||||
| Transplant era | ||||
| 2013-2015 | 177 (41.2) | 116 (38.0) | 42 (45.2) | 19 (59.4)* |
| 2016-2018 | 253 (58.8) | 189 (62.0) | 51 (54.8) | 13 (40.6)* |
| Donor type | ||||
| Neurological determination of death | 257 (59.8) | 181 (59.3) | 53 (57.0) | 23 (71.9) |
| Donation after cardiac death | 45 (10.5) | 9 (3.0) | 33 (35.5)*** | 3 (9.4) |
| Live donor | 128 (29.8) | 115 (37.7) | 7 (7.5)*** | 6 (18.8)* |
| Human leukocyte antigen mismatches | ||||
| Zero A, B, DR, DQ | 12 (2.8) | 10 (3.3) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Zero DR | 50 (11.6) | 33 (10.8) | 14 (15.1) | 3 (9.4) |
| Zero DQ | 82 (19.1) | 57 (18.7) | 21 (22.6) | 4 (12.5) |
| Donor-specific antibody | ||||
| None | 350 (81.4) | 265 (86.9) | 62 (66.7)*** | 23 (71.9)* |
| Class I only | 5 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.4)*** | 0 (0.0) |
| Class II only | 4 (0.9) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (3.2)* | 0 (0.0) |
| Class I and II | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Missing | 71 (16.5) | 39 (12.8) | 23 (24.7)* | 9 (28.1)* |
| Cytomegalovirus status | ||||
| Donor (−)/recipient (−) | 95 (22.1) | 74 (24.3) | 14 (15.1) | 7 (21.9) |
| Donor (+)/recipient (−) | 76 (17.7) | 57 (18.7) | 13 (14.0) | 6 (18.8) |
| Donor (−/+)/recipient (+) | 259 (60.2) | 174 (57.0) | 66 (71.0)* | 19 (59.4) |
| Ebstein-Barr virus status | ||||
| Donor (−)/recipient (–) | 3 (0.7) | 3 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Donor (+)/recipient (–) | 21 (4.9) | 21 (6.9) | 0 (0.0)* | 0 (0.0) |
| Donor (−/+)/recipient (+) | 406 (94.4) | 281 (92.1) | 93 (100.0)* | 32 (100.0) |
| Cold ischemia time, hours | 7.6 [3.0-13.5] | 6.2 [2.7-12.1] | 11.5 [5.9-15.9]*** | 7.5 [4.9-15.1] |
| 0-12 | 312 (72.6) | 237 (77.7) | 52 (55.9)*** | 23 (71.9) |
| 13-24 | 111 (25.8) | 64 (21.0) | 39 (41.9)*** | 8 (25.0) |
| >24 | 6 (1.4) | 4 (1.3) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (3.1) |
| Missing | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Delayed graft functionc | 75 (17.4) | 21 (6.9) | 31 (33.3)*** | 23 (71.9)*** |
Note. Data are presented as number (%) except for age, BMI, dialysis duration, cPRA, and cold ischemia time which are presented as median [interquartile range]. ATG = antithymocyte globulin; BMI = body mass index; cPRA = calculated panel reactive antibody; Tac = tacrolimus; MPA = mycophenolic acid; MMF = mycophenolate mofetil; AZA = azathioprine; Pred = prednisone.
a
Included Aboriginal, Asian Indian, Filipino, Inuit, Latin American, Metis, Middle Eastern/Arabian, Other/Multiracial, and Pacific Islander.
b
Maintenance immunosuppression is defined as any of those drugs with an initiation date within 7 days of the transplant.
c
Defined as receipt of dialysis within the first week of transplant.
P values for pairwise comparison (reference to basiliximab alone): *P < .05–.002; **P = .001–.0001; ***P < .0001.