Table 1. Participant Demographic Characteristics and Baseline Clinical Data in the Modified Intention-to-Treat Population.
| Demographic characteristic | HCR (n = 60) | LCR (n = 51) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 16.6 (2.5) | 16.2 (2.4) |
| Female, No. (%) | 53 (88) | 48 (94) |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 36 (60) | 34 (67) |
| Asian | 7 (12) | 6 (11.8) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 15 (25) | 9 (17.6) |
| Other or >1 race/ethnicity reported | 2 (3) | 2 (4) |
| Family history of eating disorder | 19 (32) | 16 (31.3) |
| Socioeconomic score, mean (SD)a | 5.1 (3.1) | 5.3 (3.2) |
| Weight and menstrual history | ||
| Weight loss, mean (SD), kg | 13.4 (10.8) | 13.6 (7.8) |
| Percentage of body weight lost, mean (SD) | 21.1 (9.5) | 21.5 (9.5) |
| Percentage of mBMI lost, mean (SD) | 29.5 (20.6) | 31.9 (21.7) |
| Duration of weight loss, mean (SD), mo | 16.9 (17.6) | 14.1 (16.6) |
| Time since last menstrual period, mean (SD), mob | 8.2 (7.6) | 5.9 (4.7) |
| No menses in 3 mo, No. (%) | 23/38 (61) | 25/37 (68) |
| Eating disorder diagnosis and psychopathology | ||
| Atypical anorexia nervosa, No. (%)c | 21 (35) | 27 (53) |
| EDE-Q global score, mean (SD)d | 3.32 (1.68) | 3.45 (1.71) |
| Admission weight and vital signs, mean (SD) | ||
| Admission percentage mBMI | 83.3 (11.1) | 86.6 (12.2) |
| Lowest 24-hour heart rate, beats/min | 41.5 (6.9) | 40.7 (5.9) |
| Lowest SBP, mm Hg | 94.2 (8.0) | 93.3 (8.3) |
| Lowest temperature, °C | 36.6 (0.2) | 36.6 (0.2) |
| Orthostatic change, mean (SD) | ||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 26.8 (13.0) | 29.1 (14.2) |
| SBP, mm Hg | 0.6 (6.7) | 1.0 (7.7) |
| Instabilities, No. (%) | ||
| Bradycardia (heart rate <45 beats/min) | 46 (77) | 42 (82) |
| Hypotension (SBP <90 mm Hg) | 17 (28) | 17 (33) |
| Hypothermia (temperature <35.6 °C) | 1 (2) | 0 |
| Orthostatic heart rate increase ≥35 beats/min | 13 (22) | 14 (28) |
| Orthostatic SBP decrease ≥10 mm Hg | 5 (8) | 6 (11) |
| Admission laboratory values, mean (SD) (reference range)d | ||
| Phosphorus (3.0-5.1 mg/dL) | 3.83 (0.52) | 3.72 (0.58) |
| Potassium (3.5-5.1 mEq/L) | 3.83 (0.35) | 3.780 (0.38) |
| Magnesium (1.8-2.4 mg/dL) | 2.14 (0.14) | 2.15 (0.19) |
| Electrolyte abnormalities, No. (%) | ||
| Hypophosphatemia (<3.0 mg/dL)e | 2 (3) | 3 (6) |
| Hypokalemia (<3.5 mEq/L) | 6 (10) | 9 (18) |
| Hypomagnesemia (<1.8 mg/dL) | 0 | 3 (6) |
Abbreviations: EDE-Q, Eating Disorder Examination questionnaire; HCR, higher-calorie refeeding; LCR, lower-calorie refeeding; mBMI, 50th percentile body mass index for age and sex; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
SI conversion factors: To convert phosphorus to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.323; potassium to millimoles per liter, multiply by 1.0; and magnesium to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.4114.
Socioeconomic score based on the Hollingshead index of social status.
Among 75 postmenarcheal girls not taking hormonal contraception.
The remainder of patients received a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.
Reference range for hypophosphatemia taken from Ornstein et al2; all other reference ranges from clinical laboratories in accordance with Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments.
Among 95 participants.