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Overall, 401 419 (16.3%) Medicare beneficiaries received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 90 700 (3.7%) received noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and 25 689 (1.0%) received both IMV and NIV. The use of NIV increased almost 9-fold from 0.8% in 2000 to 7.1% in 2017, whereas the use of IMV was stable and then increased slightly from 15.0% in 2000 to 18.5% in 2017 in the last 30 days of life.
