Table 3.
Summary of ARTs combinations with chemotherapy drugs and phytochemicals.
| Compound | Cell lines | Event/mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| DHA-cisplatin | SKOV3/DDP | mTOR inhibition, promote apoptosis | (Feng et al., 2014) |
| A549, A549/DDP | Suppress the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF to effect tumor angiogenesis, increase apoptosis | (Zhang et al., 2013) | |
| A549, LLC | Inhibit tumor growth and metastasis | (Zhou et al., 2010) | |
| ARS-cisplatin | A2780, HO8910 | Downregulate RAD51 | (Wang et al., 2015) |
| DHA-carboplatin | A2780, OVCAR-3 | Death receptor- and mitochondrion-mediated caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways | (Chen et al., 2009) |
| LLC | Inhibit cell proliferation, induce G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, increase cell apoptosis, p38 MAPK activation | (Zhang B. et al., 2018) | |
| DHA-5-FU | HCT116 TP53-/- | Inhibit proliferation, induce ROS-mediated apoptosis and Bcl-2/Bax↓ | (Yao et al., 2018) |
| DHA-gemcitabine | NCI-H1975 | G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, cyclin B1↓, cyclin-dependent kinase 1↓, inhibit the migratory and invasive, promote apoptosis p-Akt↓ p-mTOR↓ p-STAT3↓ Bcl-2↓ Bax↑, Akt/mTOR/STAT3 pathway |
(Hong et al., 2017) |
| A549 | Induce apoptosis through bak-mediated intrinsic pathway and fas-caspase-8-mediated extrinsic pathway | (Zhao et al., 2014) | |
| BxPC-3, PANC-1 | Inactivate NF-κB | (Wang et al., 2010) | |
| ARS-cytarabine, DHA-cytarabine | human AML cell lines | Produce initial regression, but did not prolong survival in vivo | (Drenberg et al., 2016) |
| DHA-ABT-263 | BCR-ABL+B-ALL leukemic cells | Down-regulate MCL-1 expression | (Budhraja et al., 2017) |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | Inhibit STAT3 activity, modulate the expression of MCL-1, Survivin and Bim | (Yan et al., 2018) | |
| ARS-erlotinib | glioblastoma multiforme cell lines | Activate EGFR | (Efferth et al., 2004; Efferth, 2017a) |
| ARS-sorafenib | Huh7, SNU-449, and SNU-182 HCC cell lines | Induce ferroptosis | (Li et al., 2020) |
| DHA-curcumin | SKOV3 | Decrease cell viability, arrest cell cycle, promote apoptosis, MK↑, miR-124↑ | (Zhao et al., 2017) |
| lethal(2)giant larvae, [l(2)gl] brain tumor | Prolong life span, restore locomotor activity | (Das et al., 2014) | |
| ARS-triptolide | PANC-1, CFPAC-1 | Inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis, HSP 20↓, HSP 27↓ | (Liu and Cui, 2013) |
| DHA-dictamnine | A549 | Induce caspase-3–dependent apoptosis | (An et al., 2013) |
| DHA-dexamethasone | multiple myeloma cells | ROS↑, △Ψm↓, induce caspase-medicated apoptosis, overcome resistance | (Chen Y. et al., 2020) |
| ARS-bicalutamide | PC3, 22RV1, LNCaP | Inhibit NF-κB signaling and decreases AR and/or AR-variant 7 expression via ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation, induce oxidative stress and apoptosis via survivin downregulation and caspase-3 activation, resulting in poly-ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage | (Nunes et al., 2017) |
| DHA-doxorubicin | mutant p53 (R248Q)-expressing Hep3B | Decrease P-gp expression via inhibiting the p53 (R248Q)-ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway | (Yang et al., 2019) |