Table 1.
Clinical characteristics
| First quartile group (PA < 3.7) n = 29 |
Second quartile group (3.7 ≤ PA < 4.2) n = 29 |
Third quartile group (4.2 ≤ PA < 5.0) n = 29 |
Fourth quartile group (PA ≥ 5.0) n = 29 |
P-value among groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 70 ± 10 | 67 ± 11 | 62 ± 11 | 58 ± 12 | < 0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 15 (52) | 13 (43) | 9 (31) | 4 (14) | 0.015 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 20.5 ± 3.2 | 24.6 ± 4.5 | 25.1 ± 5.6 | 24.6 ± 3.0 | < 0.001 |
| HD vintage, years | 6.9 ± 7.6 | 7.1 ± 5.5 | 7.3 ± 4.3 | 6.0 ± 4.7 | 0.833 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 28 (97) | 29 (97) | 27 (93) | 27 (93) | 0.864 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 17 (59) | 20 (67) | 17 (59) | 11 (38) | 0.147 |
| Hb, g/dL | 10.2 ± 1.2 | 10.2 ± 1.0 | 10.7 ± 1.5 | 10.9 ± 0.9 | 0.054 |
| sCr, mg/dL | 8.8 ± 1.9 | 9.7 ± 2.1 | 11.6 ± 1.9 | 13.4 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
| Alb, mg/dL | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 0.005 |
| P, pg/dL | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 5.8 ± 1.2 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 0.104 |
| Ca, mg/dL | 8.6 ± 0.7 | 8.8 ± 0.8 | 9.0 ± 0.7 | 8.9 ± 0.6 | 0.129 |
| K, mg/dL | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 0.308 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.58 ± 0.88 | 0.33 ± 0.44 | 0.26 ± 0.33 | 0.20 ± 0.20 | 0.045 |
| Kt/V | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.667 |
| nPNA, g/kg/day | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.088 |
| EAT-10, points | 1.6 ± 4.4 | 1.3 ± 2.9 | 0.6 ± 2.8 | 0.9 ± 2.8 | 0.702 |
| SNAQ, points | 14.4 ± 2.6 | 14.2 ± 3.2 | 15.0 ± 1.5 | 14.8 ± 1.6 | 0.563 |
| Modified creatinine index, mg/kg/day | 19.5 ± 1.9 | 20.5 ± 2.1 | 22.0 ± 2.8 | 24.3 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
| PA, ° | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
| PA SDS | −2.15 ± 1.60 | −1.77 ± 1.17 | −0.56 ± 1.07 | 1.08 ± 1.14 | < 0.001 |
| ECW/TBW | 51.6 ± 0.7 | 48.0 ± 2.7 | 45.3 ± 2.0 | 41.4 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 |
| Handgrip strength, kg | 17.8 ± 6.2 | 22.0 ± 7.4 | 26.3 ± 7.7 | 32.9 ± 7.6 | < 0.001 |
| SPPB score, points | 10.3 ± 2.1 | 10.9 ± 1.7 | 11.0 ± 1.8 | 11.6 ± 0.9 | 0.055 |
BMI Body mass index, HD Hemodialysis, Hb Hemoglobin, sCr Serum creatinine, BUN Blood urine nitrogen, Alb Albumin, P Phosphorus, Ca Calcium, K Potassium, CRP C-reactive protein, KT/V K-dialyzer clearance of urea, t Dialysis time, V Volume of distribution of urea, nPNA Normalized protein nitrogen appearance, SNAQ Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire, PA Phase angle, SDS Standard deviation score, ECT Extracellular water, TBW Total body water, SPPB Short physical performance battery