Table 2.
Maternal behavioural and pregnancy factors among the pregnant females in the MACE birth cohort
| N (%) | |
|---|---|
| Alcohol and Smoking factors (n = 869) | |
| Presence of cigarette smokers in home | 413 (45.3) |
| Passive Smoking | 271 (31.2) |
| Mother Ever Smoked | 61 (7.0) |
| Current smoker | 31 (3.6) |
| Ever Alcohol use | 64 (7.4) |
| Current Alcohol use | 23 (2.6) |
| Prevalence of co-morbid diseases (n = 880) | |
| HIVa | 261 (30.9) |
| Syphilis b | 90 (15) |
| TB | 16 (1.8) |
| PIH | 15 (1.7) |
| Other STI’s | 9 (1.0) |
| Diabetes | 5 (0.6) |
| Mean weight gain (SD) | 6.3 (6.1) |
| Maternal BMI at trimester I | |
| Low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 33 (4.4) |
| Normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 252 (33.7) |
| High BMI (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 216 (28.9) |
| Obese | 247 (33.0) |
| Delivery type | |
| NVD | 491 (64.6) |
| Caesarean | 269 (35.4) |
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus; TB Tuberculosis; PIH Pregnancy induced hypertension; STI Sexually transmitted infections; NVD Normal vaginal delivery
aHIV (n = 828)
bSyphilis (n = 693)