Table 1.
Baseline demographics, clinical, and laboratory measurements stratified by CKD stage based on eGFR
| eGFR ≥60 (n = 379) | Stage 3 CKD (n = 110) | Stage 4/5 CKD (n = 34) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| eGFR (ml/min) | 88.3 (15.4) | 48.0 (8.0) | 19.7 (7.4) | < 0.001* |
| Age (yr) | 59.9 (10.1) | 67.7 (8.6) | 67.1 (8.2) | < 0.001* |
| Male (%) | 197 (52.0) | 61 (55.5) | 26 (76.5) | 0.022 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130.5 (16.5) | 135.4 (16.8) | 132.8 (13.5) | 0.019 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71.9 (11.6) | 70.4 (12.8) | 70.4 (11.2) | 0.44 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 4.5 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.3) | 4.1 (0.5) | < 0.001* |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.8 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.3) | 3.6 (2.0) | < 0.001* |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.2 (1.0) | 7.3 (1.1) | 7.1 (1.0) | 0.41 |
| AC sugar (mg/dl) | 137.7 (37.4) | 145.9 (61.6) | 124.7 (31.6) | 0.034* |
| Use of insulin (%) | 93 (24.5) | 49 (44.5) | 22 (64.7) | < 0.001* |
| Use of sulfonylurea (%) | 167 (44.1) | 46 (41.8) | 8 (23.5) | 0.067 |
| Usage of metformin (%) | 320 (84.4) | 49 (44.5) | ** | < 0.001 |
| Use of DPP4i (%) | 164 (43.3) | 51 (46.4) | 13 (38.2) | 0.69 |
| Use of SGLT2i (%) | 43 (11.3) | ** | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| T-Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 145.1 (30.8) | 143.6 (26.2) | 141.0 (25.3) | 0.70 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 87.4 (25.1) | 83.8 (26.0) | 82.4 (20.8) | 0.27 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 136.6 (109.4) | 162.8 (103.0) | 157.7 (104.7) | 0.060 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dl) | 0.21 (0.32) | 0.47 (1.12) | 0.33 (0.61) | < 0.001* |
Demographic and clinic data were compared between eGFR groups. Continuous variables are described as mean (SD) for parametric variables and median (interquartile range) for nonparametric variables, unless otherwise indicated. The P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and X2 tests for categorical variables. Values are expressed as means (SD). *: p value < 0.05. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate derived from the CKD-EPI formula. Stage 3 CKD, eGFR between 30 and 60; stage 4 CKD, eGFR between 15 and 30; stage 5 CKD, eGFR less than 15. DPP4i: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. SGLT2i: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor. **cell number < 5