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. 2019 Dec 19;15(6-7):646–663. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1700628

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Study design for methylation and expression association with depression using four cohorts. Blood associations between DNA methylation and depression risk, genotype and mRNA expression were investigated using two independent cohorts, i.e. the discovery cohort and methylation-expression cohort. In brain, methylation and mRNA levels were separately analysed in relation to MDD in two independent cohorts. * Individuals with depression DAWBA band risk scores below 15% and MADRS-S scores <9 were defined as ‘Controls’, while individuals with depression DAWBA level bands 3 (≈ 15%), 4 (≈ 50%) or 5 (>70%) and MADRS-S scores ≥9 were assigned to the ‘Cases’ category. SNPs: single nucleotide polymorphisms; MDD: major depression disease.