Table 1.

Non-invasive remote monitoring in heart failure (HF) patients^a

Trial/study	Author; journal; year	No. of patients	Parameter	Endpoint	Impact on HF hospitalisation
TEN-HMS [5]	Cleland et al.; J Am Coll Cardiol; 2005	426	Signs/symptoms, daily weights, BP, nurse telephone calls	HF hospitalisation	Non-significant
TELE-HF [4]	Chaudhry et al.; N Engl J Med; 2010	1653	Signs/symptoms, daily weights	HF hospitalisation	Non-significant
TIM-HF [7]	Koehler F et al.; Circulation; 2011	710	Signs/symptoms, daily weights	HF hospitalisation	Non-significant
INH [3]	Angermann et al.; Circ Heart Fail; 2012	715	Signs, symptoms, telemonitoring nurse coordinated	HF hospitalisation	Non-significant
WISH [10]	Lynga et al.; Eur J Heart Fail; 2012	344	Daily weights	HF hospitalisation	Non-significant
CHAT [9]	Krum et al.; Cardiovasc Ther; 2013	405	Monthly telephone‐based automated telemedicine system	HF hospitalisation	Non-significant
BEAT-HF [11]	Ong et al.; JAMA Intern Med; 2016	1437	Signs, symptoms, daily weights, nurse communications	HF hospitalisation	Non-significant
TIM-HF2 [6]	Koehler F et al.; Lancet; 2018	1571	Web-based remote monitoring on daily weight, BP, pulse, ECG, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, a self-related health status. ECG and BP machine at home	Reduction in the weighted average of ‘the % of days lost due to unplanned CV hospital admissions or death’	HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.65–1.00

BP blood pressure, CV cardiovascular, ECG electrocardiography

^aDemonstrating the landmark trials only, sample size >250 patients, discounting studies with only phone calls as intervention