Table 2.

Cardiometabolic differences and oxidative stress in patients with type II diabetes mellitus regarding metformin monotherapy or metformin plus vildagliptin as compared with control

Variables	Control (n=20)	T2DM + M (n=24)	T2DM + MV (n=20)
BMI (kg/m2)	29.61±6.71	31.81±5.42	30.54±5.12
SBP (mmHg)	128.31±12.29	139.61±16.92×	132.51±11.92*
DBP (mmHg)	76.53±13.19	87.58±16.43×	83.18±9.17*
PP (mmHg)	51.78±8.65	52.03±8.31	52.85±8.55
MAP (mmHg)	93.79±7.49	104.92±9.63×	98.31±9.45*
FBG (mg/dL)	93.71±7.84	143.95±9.81×	133.95±9.48*
HbA1c	5.61±2.63	8.42±4.68×	7.42±2.68#
FSI (μIU/mL)	6.86±2.56	22.72±6.95×	12.72±3.95*
HOMA-IR	1.58±0.81	8.07±3.48×	6.07±2.48*
HOMA-β%	80.41±9.42	101.04±12.69×	77.04±9.69
TC (mg/dL)	176.69±14.53	195.62±15.59×	185.62±15.59*
TG (mg/dL)	144.57±9.39	297.63±17.45×	197.63±17.45*
HDL (mg/dL)	55.91±5.61	39.63±8.29×	49.63±8.29*
Non-HDL-c	120.78±10.48	155.99±12.59×	135.99±12.59
LDL (mg/dL)	91.90±8.73	96.50±9.51×	92.50±9.51#
VLDL (mg/dL)	28.91±5.94	59.62±6.41×	33.62±6.41*
AI	0.05±0.009	0.516±0.02×	0.316±0.02*
CRR	3.16±1.81	4.93±2.99×	3.21±2.99#
CVRI	2.58±1.72	7.51±2.63×	5.51±2.63*
TOS (μmol/L)	12.74±3.81	36.89±4.71×	26.89±4.71
TAS (μmol/L)	1237.61±383.74	1145.89±293.51×	1199.89±293.51#
OSI	1.02±0.92	3.21±1.99×	2.21±1.12#

*P<0.01 as compared to T2DM+M, ^#P<0.05as compared to T2DM+M, ^×P<0.01 as compared with control. Data are presented as mean±SD, unpaired t-test. BMI: Body mass index, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, DBP: Diastolic blood pressure, PP: Pulse pressure, MAP: Mean arterial pressure, FBG: Fasting blood glucose, FSI: Fasting serum insulin, TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglyceride, HDL: High-density lipoprotein, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein, AI: Atherogenic index, CRR: Cardiac Risk Ratio, CVRI: Cardiovascular risk index, TOS: Total oxidant status, TAS: Total antioxidant status, OSI: Oxidative stress index, M: Metformin, MV: Metformin plus vildagliptin, HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin, SD: Standard deviation, T2DM: Type II diabetes mellitus