Table 2.
Adjusted Relative Odds of U.S. Children/Adolescents Meeting Movement Guidelines (Physical Activity/Screen Time/Sleep)
| Guidelines met |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Physical activity (PA),a OR (95% CI) | Screen time,b OR (95% CI) | Sleep,c OR (95% CI) | PA + screen time + sleep, OR (95% CI) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 0.66 (0.59, 0.74) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.18) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.02) | 0.63 (0.50, 0.80) |
| Male | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| ΔR2 | 25.2% | 0.3% | 1.3% | 3.8% |
| Age groups | ||||
| Children (aged 6–11 years) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Adolescents (aged 12–17 years) | 0.58 (0.52, 0.64) | 0.31 (0.29, 0.35) | 0.63 (0.56, 0.71) | 0.44 (0.35, 0.56) |
| ΔR2 | 44.1% | 71.9% | 26.9% | 71.0% |
| Race | ||||
| White | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Black | 0.95 (0.82, 1.11) | 0.49 (0.42, 0.57) | 0.46 (0.39, 0.55) | 0.47 (0.30, 0.71) |
| Asian | 0.62 (0.48, 0.80) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.26) | 1.00 (0.76, 1.32) | 0.59 (0.35, 0.99) |
| Otherd | 0.97 (0.80, 1.17) | 0.80 (0.68, 0.95) | 0.84 (0.69, 1.02) | 0.61 (0.38, 0.98) |
| ΔR2 | 4.9% | 11.2% | 42.7% | 18.8% |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Not Hispanic | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Hispanic | 0.75 (0.63, 0.88) | 0.73 (0.63, 0.86) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) | 0.88 (0.61, 1.29) |
| ΔR2 | 7.7% | 3.0% | 0.0% | 4.1% |
| Family poverty-to-income ratio level, % | ||||
| <200 | 1.50 (1.34, 1.69) | 0.64 (0.57, 0.71) | 0.70 (0.61, 0.80) | 1.24 (0.94, 1.64) |
| 200–299 | 1.19 (1.03, 1.37) | 0.75 (0.66, 0.84) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) | 0.88 (0.65, 1.19) |
| 300–399 | 0.93 (0.79, 1.08) | 0.82 (0.73, 0.92) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.16) | 0.70 (0.54, 0.92) |
| ≥400 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| p-trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.107 |
| ΔR2 | 21.0% | 6.9% | 13.2% | 2.4% |
| BMIe | ||||
| Underweight (BMI <5th percentile) | 0.69 (0.54, 0.88) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.25) | 0.89 (0.65, 1.21) | 0.49 (0.35, 0.68) |
| Normal weight (5th–85th percentile) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Overweight (BMI 85th–94th percentile) | 0.69 (0.55, 0.85) | 0.71 (0.60, 0.85) | 0.79 (0.63, 0.98) | 0.65 (0.44, 0.94) |
| Obese (BMI ≥95th percentile) | 0.52 (0.41, 0.66) | 0.60 (0.48, 0.73) | 0.64 (0.52, 0.78) | 0.57 (0.38, 0.86) |
| ΔR2 | 25.8% | 16.5% | 12.5% | 19.4% |
Notes: All estimates were weighted to be nationally representative. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.001). All models adjusted for sex, age, race, ethnicity, and family poverty to income level. ΔR2 denotes the unique variance accounted for by each variable (i.e., the difference in variance between the full model and the model when omitting each specific characteristic). It reflects the percent of the percent of variance explained (e.g., percent of a model’s R2) by each variable.
Defined as physical activity ≥60 minutes every day.
Defined as screen time ≤2 hours each day.
Defined as sleep duration per night between 9 and 11 hours (ages 6–13 years), or between 8 and 10 hours (ages 14–17 years).
Other race category includes American Indian or Alaska Native (unweighted n=369), Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (unweighted n=162), some other race (unweighted n=1,261), and two or more races (unweighted n=3,452).
BMI data only available for those aged 10–17 years.