Table 3.
mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokine.
| Prior to treatment |
Post treatment |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 patients (Mean ± SD) | Healthy control (Mean ± SD) | p-value | Nano-curcumin group (Mean ± SD) | Placebo group (Mean ± SD) | p-value | ||||||
| before | after | p-value | before | after | p-value | ||||||
| mRNA expression level of cytokines | IL-1β | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 0.98 ± 0.09 | <0.0001 | 1.01 ± 0.11 | 0.56 ± 0.31 | 0.0017 | 1.01 ± 0.13 | 1.16 ± 0.27 | NS | 0.0001 |
| IL-6 | 0.99 ± 0.09 | 4.19 ± 1.99 | <0.0001 | 0.98 ± 0.09 | 0.58 ± 0.25 | 0.0003 | 0.97 ± 0.14 | 1.15 ± 0.32 | NS | <0.0001 | |
| IL-18 | 3.32 ± 1.57 | 0.99 ± 0.09 | <0.0001 | 1.00 ± 0.10 | 0.93 ± 0.35 | NS | 1.01 ± 0.17 | 1.07 ± 0.35 | NS | NS | |
| TNF-α | 2.17 ± 1.23 | 0.99 ± 0.09 | 0.0001 | 0.99 ± 0.11 | 0.94 ± 0.41 | NS | 1.02 ± 0.13 | 1.09 ± 0.24 | NS | NS | |
(Abbreviation: mRNA: messenger RNA; IL-1β: Interleukin-1 β; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-18: Interleukin-18; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SD: standard deviation; NS: not significant).