Figure 4.

The threshold core body temperature for effector responses in the follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Top panel shows the threshold for sweating, middle panel shows the threshold for cutaneous vasodilation, and the lower panel shows the thresholds for shivering (a) and increasing metabolic rate (b). Interventions are (1) during exercise in the early morning [126], (2) during exercise in the late afternoon [126], (3) during passive heat exposure [125], (4) during exercise in the heat [123], (5) during exercise [123], (6) during exercise [30], (7) during passive heat (upper and middle panels) or cold (lower panel) exposure [29], (8) during exercise [138], and (9) during exercise [139]. Core body temperatures are esophageal, rectal, or calculated mean body temperature.