Table 2.
Variation in clinical manifestation of COVID-19 among patients with and without diabetes in Bangladesh (N = 734).
| Variables | Without diabetes |
With diabetes |
Total |
Pearson’s χ2 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 588 | 146 | 734 | |||
| Asymptomatic | 59 (10%) | 6 (4.1%) | 64 (8.9%) | 5.086 | 0.024 |
| Persistent fever (>38_C for at least 1 day) | 423 (71.9%) | 131 (89.7%) | 554 (75.5%) | 19.992 | 0.000 |
| Chills | 75 (12.8%) | 25 (17.1%) | 100 (13.6%) | 1.896 | 0.168 |
| Chest pain | 96 (16.3%) | 32 (21.9%) | 128 (17.4%) | 2.54 | 0.111 |
| Cough | 334 (56.8%) | 87 (59.6%) | 421 (57.4%) | 0.371 | 0.542 |
| Aches and pain | 229 (38.9%) | 65 (44.5%) | 294 (40.1%) | 1.514 | 0.219 |
| Breathing difficulty | 138 (23.5%) | 57 (39%) | 195 (26.6%) | 14.537 | 0.000 |
| Sore throat | 143 (24.3%) | 32 (21.9%) | 175 (23.8%) | 0.372 | 0.542 |
| Running nose | 117 (19.9%) | 30 (20.5%) | 147 (20%) | 0.031 | 0.861 |
| Tiredness | 66 (11.2%) | 15 (10.3%) | 81 (11%) | 0.108 | 0.743 |
| Vomiting/nausea | 61 (10.4%) | 16 (11%) | 77 (10.5%) | 0.043 | 0.836 |
| Conjunctivitis | 21 (3.6%) | 10 (6.8%) | 31 (4.2%) | 3.107 | 0.078 |
| Diarrhea | 117 (19.9%) | 32 (21.9%) | 149 (20.3%) | 0.295 | 0.587 |
| Loss of smell | 237 (40.3%) | 55 (37.7%) | 292 (39.8%) | 0.339 | 0.56 |
| Loss of taste | 255 (43.4%) | 64 (43.8%) | 319 (43.5%) | 0.01 | 0.919 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Cancer | 5 (0.9%) | 5 (3.4%) | 10 (1.4%) | 5.768 | 0.016 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases |
32 (5.4%) | 35 (24%) | 67 (9.1%) | 48.417 | 0.000 |
| Respiratory disease | 23 (4.9%) | 16 (11%) | 45 (6.1%) | 7.382 | 0.007 |
| Liver diseases | 8 (1.4%) | 8 (5.5%) | 16 (2.2%) | 9.306 | 0.002 |
| History of heart attack | 4 (0.71) | 14 (9.6%) | 18 (2.5%) | 38.804 | 0.000 |
| Other chronic diseases | 38 (6.5%) | 20 (13.7%) | 58 (7.9%) | 8.415 | 0.004 |