Table 1.
An overview of studies measuring lexical speed of processing with participants in the second year of life
| Study | N Participants | Age of participants (in months) | Number of trials | Mean number of RT trials | Range of RT Trials | Time window for RT analysis (in ms) | Mean RT (in ms) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckler, Oczak-Arsic, Siddiqui & Johnson (2017) - Experiment 1: Canadian accent condition | 16 | 24 | 32 | 9.5 | - | 300–2300 | 657.85 |
| Buckler, Oczak-Arsic, Siddiqui & Johnson (2017) - Experiment 1 Non-native accent condition | 16 | 24 | 32 | 9.9 | - | 300–2300 | 774.48 |
| Donnelly & Kidd (2020) | 113 | 18 | 48* | 14.2* | 4–26* | 300–1800 | 847.7* |
| Donnelly & Kidd (unpublished) | 112* | 21* | 40* | 13.63* | 3–21* | 300–1800 | 768.9* |
| Donnelly & Kidd (unpublished) | 107* | 24* | 48* | 11.91* | 3–22* | 300–1800 | 565.5* |
| Fernald & Hurtado (2006) - Experiment 1: Sentence frame | 24 | 18 | 12 | - | - | 367–1800 | 906 |
| Fernald & Hurtado (2006) Experiment 1: Word in isolation | 24 | 18 | 12 | - | - | 367–1800 | 1034 |
| Fernald & Hurtado (2006) Experiment 2: Sentence frame | 24 | 18 | 12 | - | - | 367–1800 | 861 |
| Fernald & Hurtado (2006) Experiment 2: Words with attention cue | 24 | 18 | 12 | - | - | 367–1800 | 1015 |
| Fernald & Marchman (2012) - Typically developing children | 46 | 18 | 64 | 19.8 | 4–31 | 300–1800 | 789.1 |
| Fernald & Marchman (2012) - Late talkers | 36 | 18 | 64 | 18.9 | 3–32 | 300–1800 | 865.4 |
| Fernald, Pinto, Swingley, Weinberg & McRoberts. (1998) | 24 | 15 | 8 | 4.04* | - | 200–2000* | 995 |
| Fernald, Pinto, Swingley, Weinberg & McRoberts. (1998) | 24 | 18 | 8 | 4.91* | - | 200–2000* | 827 |
| Fernald, Pinto, Swingley, Weinberg & McRoberts. (1998) | 24 | 24 | 8 | 4.75* | - | 200–2000* | 679 |
| Fernald, Marchman & Weisleder (2013) - High SES | 47* | 18 | 32 | 8.8* | 2–16* | 300–1800 | 746 |
| Fernald, Marchman & Weisleder (2013) - Low SES | 47* | 18 | 32 | 8.8* | 2–16* | 300–1800 | 947 |
| Fernald, Marchman & Weisleder (2013) - High SES | 48 | 24 | 16 | 4.97* | 2–10* | 300–1800 | 666 |
| Fernald, Marchman & Weisleder (2013) - Low SES | 48 | 24 | 16 | 4.97* | 2–10* | 300–1800 | 802 |
| Fernald, Perfors & Marchman (2006) | 49* | 15 | 24 | 5.77* | 2–14* | 300–1800 | 981 |
| Fernald, Perfors & Marchman (2006) | 44* | 18 | 24 | 4.55* | 2 – 9* | 300–1800 | 962 |
| Fernald, Perfors & Marchman (2006) | 52* | 21 | 24 | 6.48* | 2–12* | 300–1800 | 802 |
| Fernald, Perfors & Marchman (2006) | 57* | 25 | 24 | 10.21* | 2–17* | 300–1800 | 771 |
| Fernald, Swingley & Pinto (2001) - Experiment 1: Whole word condition | 32 | 21 | 8 | 4.6* (across both age groups and conditions) | - | 367–2000* | 749.81 |
| Fernald, Swingley & Pinto (2001) - Experiment 2: Whole word condition | 32 | 18 | 8 | 4.6* (across both age groups and conditions) | - | 367–2000* | 943.31 |
| Hurtado, Marchman & Fernald (2007) | 18 | 18 | 16 | 6.3 | 2–13 | 367–1800 | 1084.9 |
| Hurtado, Marchman & Fernald (2007) | 15 | 24 | 16 | 6.3 | 2–13 | 367–1800 | 960 (estimate) |
| Hurtado, Marchman & Fernald (2007) | 16 | 30 | 16 | 6.3 | 2–13 | 367–1800 | 851.8 |
| Hurtado, Marchman & Fernald (2008) | 27 | 18 | 32 | 8 | 2–18 | 300–1800 | - |
| Hurtado, Marchman & Fernald (2008) | 27 | 24 | 36 | 13 | 7–21 | 300–1800 | - |
| Lany (2018) - Experiment 1 | 35 | 17 | 40 | 10 | 2–20 | 300–1800 | 839.8 |
| Lany (2018) - Experiment 1 | 31 | 30 | 40 | 10 | 3–21 | 300–1800 | 617.9 |
| Lany (2018) - Experiment 2 | 34 | 30 | 40 | 10 | 3–17 | 300–1800 | 671 |
| Lany, Giglio & Oswald (2018a) - Easy words condition | 45 | 12 | 16 | 2.76 | 2–6 | 300–1800 | 946.85 |
| Lany, Giglio & Oswald (2018b) - Hard words condition | 36 | 12 | 16 | 2.82 | 2–8 | 300–1800 | 957.92 |
| Lany, Giglio & Oswald (2018a) | 34 | 15–19 | 24 | 4.65 | 2–15 | 300–1800 | 910.82 |
| Lany, Shoaib, Thompson & Estes (2018b) – Experiment 1 | 38 | 15–16 | 24 | - | - | 367–2200 | 1003.8 |
| Lany, Shoaib, Thompson & Estes (2018b) – Experiment 2 | 30 | 15–15.9 | 24 | - | - | 367–2200 | 1052.7 |
| Marchman et al. (2019) - Full term born children | 63 | 18 | 64 | 19.8 | 2–32 | 300–1800 | 728 |
| Marchman et al. (2019) - Preterm born children | 69 | 18 | 64 | 15.7 | 2–33 | 300–1800 | 809 |
| Peter et al. (2019) | 80 | 19 | 64 | 11.95 | 2–27 | 300–1800 | 729.94 |
| Peter et al. (2019) | 73 | 25 | 60 | 10.41 | 2–24 | 300–1800 | 675.73 |
| Peter et al. (2019) | 74 | 31 | 64 | 10.48 | 2–24 | 300–1800 | 639.14 |
| Swingley & Aslin (2000) - Correct pronunciation condition | 56 | 18–23 | 12 | 7.26* (across both conditions) | - | 367–2000* | 718 |
| Swingley & Aslin (2002) - Correct pronunciation condition | 50* | 15 | 24 | 5.86* (across both conditions) | - | 367–2000* | 922 |
| Swingley & Fernald (2002) - Experiment 1 | 24 | 24 | 26* (including filler trials) |
11.04* (across conditions) |
- | 367–2000* | 808 (baseline trials) |
| Swingley & Fernald (2002) - Experiment 2 | 24* | 24 | 28* (including filler trials) | 10.79* (across conditions) | - | 367–2000* | 760 (baseline trials) |
| Swingley & Fernald (2002) - Experiment 3 | 24* | 24 | 26* (including filler trials) | 10.04* (across conditions) | - | 367–2000* | - |
| Swingley, Pinto & Fernald (1999) - Experiment 1 | 32 | 24 | 16* | 5.59* | - | 200–2000* | 785 |
| Swingley, Pinto & Fernald (1999) - Experiment 2 | 32 | 24 | 16* | 5.56* | - | 200–2000* | 746 |
| Weisleder & Fernald (2013) | 28* | 19 | 32 | 9.21* | 3–18* | 300–1800 | 991.97* |
| Weisleder & Fernald (2013) | 29 | 24 | 36 | 12.38* | 4–18* | 300–1800 | 814.74* |
| Zangl, Klarman, Thal, Fernald & Bates (2005) - Unaltered speech condition | 95 | 12–31 | 24 | 45% of trials were distractor initial | - | 625–2000 | 1144 |
Note: Information was extracted from the publications, unless marked with *, in which case the authors provided data directly