Table 3.
Multiple imputed, unadjusted, adjusted1 (excluding home food environment), and adjusted1 (including home food environment) models estimating associations between the categories of CF&B availability, child report of what they ate and what they bought at school, overweight/obese, and BMI Z-score (N=815 children and 1,010 observations for each outcome)
| Outcomes | Child food purchasing at school | Child dietary behaviors | Child BMI | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any vs no sweets | Any vs no snacks | Any vs no SSBs | Number of sweets | Number of snacks | Number of SSBs | Number of fruits | Number of vegetables | Overweight or obese vs normal weight | BMI Z-score | |
| OR (CI) | OR (CI) | OR (CI) | Coeff (CI) | Coeff (CI) | Coeff (CI) | Coeff (CI) | Coeff (CI) | OR (CI) | Coeff (CI) | |
| Panel 1. Models- unadjusted | ||||||||||
| Number of healthy CF&Bs2 | 0.89 (0.74,1.07) | 0.97 (0.81,1.16) | 0.93 (0.75,1.15) | 0.77 (−0.30,1.84) | −0.08 (−0.84,0.69) | 0.79 (−0.45,2.04) | −0.35 (−1.01,0.32) | −0.51 (−1.11,0.08) | 1.03 (0.85,1.25) | 0.02 (−0.06,0.10) |
| Number of unhealthy CF&Bs2 | 1.25** (1.11,1.39) | 1.20** (1.06,1.35) | 1.15* (1.00,1.31) | −0.22 (−0.92,0.47) | 0.20 (−0.21,0.61) | −0.07 (−0.83,0.70) | 0.30 (−0.09,0.70) | 0.33 (−0.02,0.67) | 1.00 (0.89,1.13) | 0.00 (−0.05,0.05) |
| Number of neutral CF&Bs2 | 0.99 (0.80,1.23) | 0.83 (0.67,1.04) | 0.91 (0.71,1.17) | −1.14 (−2.44,0.17) | −0.62 (−1.44,0.20) | −1.15 (−2.71,0.40) | −0.14 (−0.92,0.64) | 0.25 (−0.47,0.98) | 0.89 (0.71,1.12) | −0.00 (−0.10,0.09) |
| Panel 2. Models- adjusted (excluding home food environment) | ||||||||||
| Number of healthy CF&Bs2 | 0.81 (0.67,0.99) | 0.90 (0.74,1.09) | 0.83 (0.66,1.03) | 0.42 (−0.69,1.54) | −0.22 (−1.04,0.60) | 0.48 (−0.78,1.73) | −0.32 (−1.02,0.38) | −0.56 (−1.16,0.04) | 1.01 (0.82,1.23) | 0.02 (−0.06,0.10) |
| Number of unhealthy CF&Bs2 | 1.29** (1.14,1.45) | 1.21** (1.07,1.38) | 1.17* (1.01,1.35) | −0.18 (−0.88,0.52) | 0.23 (−0.19,0.65) | 0.14 (−0.65,0.93) | 0.31 (−0.11,0.72) | 0.35 (−0.00,0.70) | 1.00 ((0.88,1.13) | −0.01 (−0.06,0.04) |
| Number of neutral CF&Bs2 | 1.05 (0.83,1.32) | 0.89 (0.71,1.12) | 0.98 (0.76,1.26) | −0.68 (−1.97,0.61) | −0.45 (−1.26,0.36) | −0.90 (−2.43,0.62) | −0.13 (−0.94,0.67) | 0.28 (−0.45,1.01) | 0.91 ((0.71,1.15) | 0.01 (−0.09,0.11) |
| Panel 3. Models- adjusted (including home food environment) | ||||||||||
| Number of healthy CF&Bs2 | 0.82 (0.67,0.99) | 0.90 (0.75,1.10) | 0.84 (0.67,1.05) | 0.46 (−0.62,1.54) | −0.20 (−1.01,0.61) | 0.51 (−0.72,1.75) | −0.33 (−1.03,0.36) | −0.57 (−1.16,0.01) | 1.01 (0.82,1.24) | 0.02 ((−0.06,0.10) |
| Number of unhealthy CF&Bs2 | 1.30** (1.15,1.47) | 1.23** (1.08,1.40) | 1.19* (1.04,1.37) | −0.00 (−0.69,0.68) | 0.32 (−0.10,0.75) | 0.34 (−0.45,1.13) | 0.22 (−0.18,0.63) | 0.27 (−0.07,0.61) | 1.01 (0.89,1.14) | −0.01 (−0.06,0.05) |
| Number of neutral CF&Bs2 | 1.04 (0.82,1.31) | 0.88 (0.70,1.10) | 0.95 (0.74,1.22) | −0.82 (−2.07,0.43) | −0.52 (−1.32,0.28) | −1.06 (−2.55,0.44) | −0.07 (−0.86,0.72) | 0.34 ((−0.38,1.05) | 0.90 (0.71,1.14) | 0.01 (−0.09,0.10) |
| Home food environment | 0.96* (0.93,1.00) | 0.95** (0.92,0.98) | 0.93** (0.90,0.96) | −0.62** (−0.82,−0.43) | −0.33** (−0.45,−0.21) | −0.70** (−0.94,−0.47) | 0.31** (0.20,0.42) | 0.29** (0.19,0.39) | 0.96* (0.93,1.00) | −0.01* (−0.03,−0.00) |
p<0.05
p<0.01
Results bolded in the table are significant after Benjamini-Hochberg multiple testing adjustment at the 5% significance level
Abbreviations: competitive food and beverage (CF&B) sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB); Odds Ratio (OR); standard error (se); Linear regression coefficient (Coeff); Versus (vs); confidence interval (CI)
Controlling for child’s age in months, gender, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic/Latino, other), highest education level among both parents (less than high school, high school graduate or equivalent, some college, and college graduate or higher), household income (<=$40,000; $40,001–$50,000; $50,001–$75,000; $75,001 or higher), marital status, and number of children in household, whether the family lives on-installation, parent’s military rank (Sergeant or lower (<=E5), Staff Sergeant (E6), Sergeant First Class or higher (>=E7), and months at current installation (12 months or less, 13–24 months, 25–48 months, 49 months or more).
Number of healthy CF&Bs (fruit, vegetables, water, milk) available; Number of unhealthy CF&Bs (french fries, SSBs, salty snacks, sweets, juice) available; Number of neutral CF&Bs (sandwiches/burgers/pizza and bread) available