Table 3.
Secondary outcomes in the two groups
| Secondary outcomes | Control (n = 162) | Calsurf treatment (n = 166) | Univariate analysis (P) | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confounders | Beta | 95% CI | P | ||||
| Hours on mechanical ventilator, mean (SD) | 92.1 (42.8) | 88.8 (71.1) | 0.625 | Gestational age | − 0.190 | − 2.819, 2.438 | .887 |
| Antenatal steroid | − 28.768 | − 48.911,− 8.625 | .005 | ||||
| Calsurf | − 1.773 | − 13.939, 10.392 | .774 | ||||
| Ventilator free days, mean (SD) | 8.8 (4.9) | 10.1 (6.7) | 0.163 | Gestational age | 0.008 | − .102, .117 | .887 |
| Antenatal steroid | 1.199 | .359, 2.038 | .005 | ||||
| Calsurf | 0.074 | − .433, .581 | .774 | ||||
| Hours on oxygen (hours), mean (SD) | 192 (105) | 193 (99) | 0.862 | Gestational age | 0.502 | − 4.251, 5.254 | .836 |
| Antenatal steroid | − 31.261 | − 67.681, 5.160 | .092 | ||||
| Calsurf | 4.485 | − 17.511, 26.481 | .689 | ||||
| Length of stay (days), mean (SD) | 15.1 (7.3) | 14.9 (6.1) | 0.834 | Gestational age | − 0.070 | − .387, .246 | .663 |
| Antenatal steroid | 1.669 | − .758, 4.097 | .177 | ||||
| Calsurf | − 0.196 | − 1.664, 1.272 | .793 | ||||
| Pneumothorax, n (%) | 28 (17.3) | 25 (15.1) | 0.501 | Gestational age | 1.048 | .921, 1.191 | .479 |
| Antenatal steroid | 0.359 | .113, 1.387 | .147 | ||||
| Calsurf | 0.825 | .454, 1.500 | .529 | ||||
| Grade 3/4 IVH and/or PVL, n (%) | 15 (9.2) | 9 (5.4) | 0.153 | Gestational age | 1.026 | .859, 1.226 | .776 |
| Antenatal steroid | 0.724 | .154, 3.417 | .684 | ||||
| Calsurf | 0.539 | .227, 1.278 | .161 | ||||
| Pumonary Hypertension, n (%) | 9 (5.6) | 6 (3.6) | 0.380 | Gestational age | 0.839 | .658, 1.071 | .158 |
| Antenatal steroid | 1.969 | .383, 10.112 | .417 | ||||
| Calsurf | 0681 | .231, 2.010 | .487 | ||||
| Necrotizing enterocolitis stage 2 or higher, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.306 | Gestational age | − 1.305 | .007, 10.340 | .482 |
| Antenatal steroid | 16.194 | .000 | .998 | ||||
| Calsurf | 15.111 | .000 | .996 | ||||
IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia. Values are number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. P > 0.05 for all comparisons. Ventilator free days = 28-x, if the patient successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation within 28 days, where the x is the number of days spent receiving mechanical ventilation; Ventilator free days = 0, if the patient dies before 28 days or of the patient requires mechanical ventilation for more than 28 days