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. 2020 Oct 20;10:17799. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74185-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gal1 serum levels are increased in early arthritis patients compared with healthy donors. (A) Determination of Gal1 serum levels by ELISA in healthy donors (HD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from PEARL study (Population 1). (B) Determination of Gal1 serum levels by ELISA in early arthritis patients (undifferentiated arthritis [UA] and RA) from PEARL study (Population 2). Data are shown as interquartile range (p75 upper edge of box, p25 lower edge, p50 midline) as well as the p95 (line above box) and p5 (line below). Dots represent outliers. Statistical significance for the trend of Gal1 across the visits in patients was determined with the Cuzick’s non-parametric test. Significance threshold was set at p-trend < 0.05. Tables below the panels show the statistical significance between HD and each visit of RA patients (A) or between RA and UA patients in each visit (B). Statistical significance was determined with Mann–Whitney test. Significance threshold was set at p < 0.012 due to multiple comparisons, according to Bonferroni correction. (C) ROC curve analysis to assess Gal1 capacity to discriminate between RA patients and healthy donors. (D) ROC curve analysis to assess Gal1 capacity to discriminate between RA patients and UA patients.