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. 2020 Oct 20;10:17797. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74989-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Volcano plots of differentially expressed genes in pairwise comparisons across delivery modes. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) are selected based on FDR ≤ 0.05 and absolute value of log₂(fold-change) ≥ 0.5; genes with ≥ twofold-change are labeled in each plot. (A) DEGs (N = 91) in vaginal delivery vs. CS (with or without labor). Genes are colored based on upregulation (red; N = 64) or downregulation (blue; N = 27) in CS (with or without labor). (B) DEGs (N = 506) in vaginal delivery vs. CS with labor. Genes are colored based on upregulation (red; N = 343) or downregulation (blue; N = 163) in CS. (C) DEGs (N = 41) in vaginal delivery vs. CS without labor. Genes are colored based on upregulation (red; N = 15) or downregulation (blue; N = 26) in CS. (D) DEGs (N = 263) in CS with labor vs. without labor. Genes are colored based on upregulation (red; N = 60) or downregulation (blue; N = 203) in CS without labor. VD N = 181, CS with labor N = 60, CS without labor N = 83. FDR false discovery rate, FC fold-change, CS cesarean section, VD vaginal delivery.