TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the participants of this study
| Parameter | Healthy control (N = 62) | HF + pEF (N = 62) | HF + rEF (N = 62) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 70.8 ± 6.5 | 73.5 ± 6.6 | 68.7 ± 7.4 | .561 |
| Sex, Male (%) | 36 (58.1) | 36 (58.1) | 34 (54.8) | .817 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 137.3 ± 5.7 | 124.4 ± 6.2 | 116.8 ± 5.6 | <.01 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 84.2 ± 5.2 | 74.2 ± 6.5 | 68.5 ± 5.9 | <.01 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. | 73.2 ± 6.4 | 78.2 ± 6.1 | 73.2 ± 5.4 | .569 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 2.6 | 32.8 ± 2.1 | 28.9 ± 3.1 | <.01 |
| Hypertension, % | 48 (77.4) | 51 (82.3) | 23 (37.4) | .450 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 13 (21.0) | 18 (29.0) | 8 (12.9 | <.01 |
| Dyslipidaemia, % | 37 (59.7) | 35 (56.5) | 40 (64.5) | .224 |
| Ischaemic heart disease, % | 16 (25.8) | 30 (48.4) | 41 (66.1) | <.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation, % | 7 (11.3) | 48 (77.4) | 35 (56.5) | <.01 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 32.5 ± 4.5 | 235.0 ± 44.1 | 126.7 ± 33.7 | <.01 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| Ejection fraction | 66.0 ± 10.2 | 64.8 ± 13.6 | 37.6 ± 7.9 | <.01 |
| Interventricular septum, mm | 11.8 ± 1.6 | 12.6 ± 1.1 | 11.0 ± 0.7 | .070 |
| Posterior wall, mm | 9.7 ± 3.5 | 10.9 ± 3.3 | 9.8 ± 2.2 | <.01 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 96.2 ± 16.7 | 118.1 ± 13.0 | 127.4 ± 17.7 | <.01 |
| LAVI, mL/m2 | 30.8 ± 9.4 | 51.1 ± 3.5 | 46.0 ± 7.1 | <.01 |
| Deceleration time, ms | 197.8 ± 36.6 | 218.0 ± 27.7 | 235.7 ± 40.1 | <.01 |
| e'(lat), cm/s | 8.5 ± 2.4 | 9.6 ± 1.8 | 8.1 ± 2.0 | <.05 |
| Peak E, cm/s | 74.8 ± 28.8 | 96.2 ± 22.3 | 66.5 ± 29.3 | <.01 |
| E/e' ratio | 9.5 ± 1.6 | 11.8 ± 2.9 | 9.6 ± 1.9 | <.01 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; E/e’ ratio, transmitral early peak velocity to E' ratio; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure.