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. 2020 Oct 15;13:10499–10513. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S266085

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© 2020 Kase et al.

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PI3K-AKT axis and CDK4/6 relationship. PI3K allows for conversion of phosphatidylinositol-4,5 biphosphate (PIP2) to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5 triphosphate (PIP3) resulting in activation of AKT via phosphorylation and increase cyclin D1. PTEN tumor suppressor regulates this axis by inhibiting PIP2 conversion to PIP3. Mutated SPOP (mSPOP) also regulates this axis by causing aberrant activation of AR and AKT. HDAC3 inhibitors inhibit AKT phosphorylation and AR mediated transcriptional activity. PI3K inhibitors have been shown to increase transcriptional activity of AR.