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. 2020 Oct 15;13:10499–10513. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S266085

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© 2020 Kase et al.

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FGFR axis, Ras-Raf-MEK and TP53 relationship to CDK4/6; FGFR results in activation of PI3K, Ras-Raf-MEK, STAT which increases cyclin D1, thereby promoting progression through the cell cycle. The Ras-Raf-MEK pathway is needed for inactivation of tumor suppressor TP53 pathway. In addition, MDM2 also regulates p53 by proteasomal degradation. However, when the tumor suppressor, p53, is active it allows for activation of p21 which regulates the cell cycle via CDK4/6 and CDK2 causing cell cycle arrest. RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase.