Table 1. Characteristics of Survey Respondents and Nonrespondentsa.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | SMDb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Respondent (n = 4685) | Nonrespondent (n = 5315) | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age, y | |||
| <60 | 642 (13.7) | 1624 (30.6) | 0.42 |
| 60-80 | 3162 (67.5) | 2891 (54.4) | |
| >80 | 881 (18.8) | 800 (15.1) | |
| Male | 4391 (93.7) | 4794 (90.2) | 0.13 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 3366 (71.8) | 3259 (61.3) | 0.25 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 741 (15.8) | 1298 (24.4) | |
| Hispanic | 203 (4.3) | 289 (5.4) | |
| Other | 103 (2.2) | 149 (2.8) | |
| Missing | 272 (5.8) | 320 (6.0) | |
| VA copay status | |||
| Nonexempt | 584 (12.5) | 614 (11.6) | 0.02 |
| Exempt | 2988 (63.8) | 3314 (62.4) | |
| Missing | 1113 (23.8) | 1387 (26.1) | |
| Rural residence | 1732 (37.0) | 1596 (30.1) | 0.15 |
| Missing | 3 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | |
| Chronic health conditions | |||
| Gagne comorbidity score, mean (SD)c | 1.64 (1.93) | 1.61 (1.96) | 0.02 |
| Individual Gagne conditionsc | |||
| AIDS/HIV | 30 (0.6) | 59 (1.1) | 0.05 |
| Alcohol abuse | 472 (10.1) | 851 (16.0) | 0.18 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 1032 (22.0) | 876 (16.5) | 0.14 |
| COPD | 1340 (28.6) | 1288 (24.2) | 0.10 |
| Coagulopathy | 100 (2.1) | 97 (1.8) | 0.02 |
| Congestive heart failure | 657 (14.0) | 619 (11.6) | 0.07 |
| Deficiency anemia | 288 (6.1) | 331 (6.2) | 0.00 |
| Dementia | 203 (4.3) | 393 (7.4) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes, complicated | 1429 (30.5) | 1383 (26.0) | 0.10 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 321 (6.9) | 351 (6.6) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension (uncomplicated or complicated) | 3425 (73.1) | 3366 (63.3) | 0.21 |
| Liver disease | 316 (6.7) | 475 (8.9) | 0.08 |
| Any malignancyd | 948 (20.2) | 837 (15.7) | 0.12 |
| Metastatic cancer | 80 (1.7) | 102 (1.9) | 0.02 |
| Paralysis (hemiplegia or paraplegia) | 42 (0.9) | 58 (1.1) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 659 (14.1) | 574 (10.8) | 0.10 |
| Psychoses | 130 (2.8) | 304 (5.7) | 0.15 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 96 (2.0) | 110 (2.1) | 0.00 |
| Kidney failure | 770 (16.4) | 722 (13.6) | 0.08 |
| Weight loss | 156 (3.3) | 240 (4.5) | 0.06 |
| Non-Gagne health conditions | |||
| Anxiety | 605 (12.9) | 979 (18.4) | 0.15 |
| Bipolar | 169 (3.6) | 301 (5.7) | 0.10 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2609 (55.7) | 2525 (47.5) | 0.16 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 854 (18.2) | 1263 (23.8) | 0.14 |
| Schizophrenia | 97 (2.1) | 225 (4.2) | 0.12 |
| Traumatic brain injury | 13 (0.3) | 46 (0.9) | 0.08 |
| Traumatic spinal cord injury | 33 (0.7) | 47 (0.9) | 0.02 |
| Other clinical characteristics | |||
| BMI | |||
| <25 | 951 (20.3) | 1274 (24.0) | 0.11 |
| 25 to <30 | 1463 (31.2) | 1523 (28.7) | |
| 30 to <35 | 1195 (25.5) | 1225 (23.0) | |
| ≥35 | 899 (19.2) | 973 (18.3) | |
| Missing | 177 (3.8) | 320 (6.0) | |
| Frailty (JEN Frailty Index), mean (SD)e | 4.32 (1.77) | 4.38 (1.91) | 0.03 |
| Alcohol Use (AUDIT-C score) | |||
| None (0) | 2801 (59.8) | 3155 (59.4) | 0.07 |
| Low (1-2 [female], 1-3 [male]) | 1330 (28.4) | 1454 (27.4) | |
| Moderate (3-7 [female], 4-7 [male]) | 392 (8.4) | 444 (8.4) | |
| High (≥7) | 106 (2.3) | 175 (3.3) | |
| Missing | 56 (1.2) | 87 (1.6) | |
Abbreviations: AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SMD, standardized mean difference; VA, Veterans Affairs.
The variables in the table represent all the covariates included in the electronic health record–based logistic regression analyses; response levels are identical to those used in the regression analyses unless otherwise noted.
Standardized mean differences were calculated using the tableone package43 in R software, version 3.6.0.
Gagne score was included only in the primary logistic regression models and, owing to lack of linearity on the log scale, was included as a discontinuous continuous variable. In post hoc analyses, Gagne was replaced with individual Gagne conditions with nonzero weights.
Any type of malignant neoplasm, including lymphoma and leukemia, but excluding malignant neoplasm of the skin.
Index missing for 34 respondents and 48 nonrespondents.