Table 1.
Changes in diabetes management before and after hypoglycemia-related encounter
| 6 months before | 6 months after | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Office visits | |||
| Number of office visits with any clinician | 6 (3–9) | 7 (4–11) | <0.001 |
| Patients seeing an endocrinologist, N (%) | 956 (16.7) | 1,044 (18.2) | <0.001 |
| Time to office visit after hypoglycemia (days) | — | 12 (6–27) | |
| Diabetes self-management | |||
| Patients with glucagon fills, N (%) | 203 (3.55) | 143 (2.50) | <0.001 |
| Number of test strips filled per month | 50 (16.7–91.7) | 50 (33.3–108.3) | <0.001 |
| Patients using continuous glucose monitoring, N (%) | 96 (1.68) | 53 (0.93) | <0.001 |
| Glycemic control (n = 1,305) | |||
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 (6.6–8.9) | 7.4 (6.5–8.7) | <0.001 |
| Increase in HbA1c by 0.5% or more (by baseline HbA1c), N (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <6% (n = 141) | — | 43 (30.5) | |
| 6–7% (n = 327) | — | 93 (28.4) | |
| 7–8% (n = 292) | — | 62 (21.2) | |
| 8–9% (n = 229) | — | 40 (17.5) | |
| ≥9% (n = 316) | — | 31 (9.8) | |
| Patients with diabetes medication fills, N (%) | |||
| Any insulin | 3,864 (67.5) | 3,967 (69.3) | <0.001 |
| Human insulin | 654 (11.4) | 645 (11.3) | 0.443 |
| Analog insulin | 3,494 (61.1) | 3,661 (64.0) | <0.001 |
| Basal insulin | 2,895 (50.6) | 3,111 (54.4) | <0.001 |
| Bolus insulin | 2,371 (41.4) | 2,609 (45.6) | <0.001 |
| Premixed insulin | 786 (13.7) | 727 (12.7) | 0.010 |
| Sulfonylureas | 2,117 (37.0) | 1,754 (30.7) | <0.001 |
| Glinides | 105 (1.8) | 112 (2.0) | 0.341 |
| Biguanides | 2,528 (44.2) | 2,246 (39.3) | <0.001 |
| TZDs | 339 (5.9) | 261 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 819 (14.3) | 784 (13.7) | 0.055 |
| GLP-1 agonists | 260 (4.5) | 218 (3.8) | <0.001 |
| Other medications | 213 (3.7) | 211 (3.7) | 0.904 |
Data are median (IQR) unless otherwise specified. DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; TZDs, thiazolidinediones.