Table 3.
Cross-sectional associations between rest-activity rhythm characteristics and type 2 diabetes
| n (%) with diabetesa | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1b | Model 2c | ||
| Amplitude | |||
| Q1 | 97 (16.5) | 1.68 (1.20, 2.36)** | 1.63 (1.14, 2.30)** |
| Q2 | 79 (12.7) | 1.21 (0.86, 1.71) | 1.23 (0.87, 1.75) |
| Q3 | 78 (12.8) | 1.20 (0.85, 1.70) | 1.21 (0.85, 1.72) |
| Q4 | 70 (11.1) | ref | Ref |
| Ptrend | 0.004 | 0.01 | |
| Mesor | |||
| Q1 | 90 (15.2) | 1.33 (0.96, 1.85) | 1.41 (1.00, 1.98) |
| Q2 | 77 (12.5) | 1.04 (0.74, 1.46) | 1.10 (0.78, 1.55) |
| Q3 | 80 (13.2) | 1.10 (0.79, 1.54) | 1.11 (0.79, 1.57) |
| Q4 | 77 (12.2) | ref | Ref |
| Ptrend | 0.13 | 0.07 | |
| Amplitude-to-mesor ratio | |||
| Q1 | 96 (16.4) | 1.49 (1.07, 2.07)** | 1.34 (0.96, 1.88) |
| Q2 | 81 (13.0) | 1.12 (0.89, 1.57) | 1.10 (0.78, 1.55) |
| Q3 | 72 (11.6) | 0.96 (0.68, 1.36) | 1.01 (0.71, 1.43) |
| Q4 | 75 (12.1) | ref | Ref |
| Ptrend | 0.01 | 0.08 | |
| Pseudo-F | |||
| Q1 | 98 (16.7) | 1.44 (1.04, 1.99)** | 1.34 (0.96, 1.84) |
| Q2 | 78 (12.7) | 1.02 (0.73, 1.43) | 1.00 (0.71, 1.41) |
| Q3 | 69 (11.1) | 0.87 (0.61, 1.22) | 0.84 (0.59, 1.19) |
| Q4 | 79 (12.7) | ref | Ref |
| Ptrend | 0.02 | 0.05 | |
| Acrophased | |||
| Early | 52 (14.9) | 1.27 (0.92, 1.76) | 1.11 (0.79, 1.56) |
| Normal | 217 (12.1) | ref | ref |
| Late | 55 (17.6) | 1.55 (1.12, 2.14)* | 1.46 (1.04, 2.04)* |
| Ptrend | 0.37 | 0.23 | |
a
Represents % of participants in the quartile or category of the rest-activity rhythm characteristic who had diabetes at baseline.
b
Models were adjusted for age alone.
c
Models were adjusted for age, study site, education, marital status, race, smoking, alcohol, healthy diet score, and season of data collection.
d
Acrophase was categorized as early (mean − 1 SD, before 1304 h), normal (mean ± 1 SD, between 1304 and 1529 h), and late (mean + 1 SD, after 1529 h).
*
P value <0.05,
**
P value <0.01.