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. 2020 Oct 6;8(10):e20938. doi: 10.2196/20938

Table 4.

Input used for the cost-effectiveness analysis based on the 3-state Markov model (N=198).

Input Intervention group (n=98) Comparator group (n=100)
Transition probabilities, %


Incidence 34 36

Recovery 66 64
Relative risk (mortality)


Baseline disease stage 1.005 1.005

Deteriorated disease stage 1.005 1.005
Utility after intervention


Baseline disease stage 0.56 0.45

Deteriorated disease stage 0.3 0.33
Costs, € ($)a


One-off cost per patient (intervention) 1268.89 (1484.60) N/Ab

Recurring cost per patient/year (intervention) 230.40 (269.57) N/A

Health care cost—baseline disease stage 5664.89 (6627.92) 5198.62 (6082.39)

Health care cost—deteriorated disease stage 4502.89 (5268.38) 5221.69 (6109.38)

Societal cost—baseline disease stage 5953.15 (6965.19) 5259.14 (6153.19)

Societal cost—deteriorated disease stage 4791.15 (5605.65) 5282.21 (6180.19)

aAn approximate exchange rate of €1 to US $1.17 was applicable at the time of publication.

bN/A: not applicable.