Table 1.
Characteristics of lncRNA in conferring radioresistance and radiosensitivity in ESCC.
| lncRNA | Genomic Location | Mean Fold Change in Expression Compared to Controls | Radiation Type (Dose) | Property | Validation Methods | Biological Significance | Genes/Proteins/Pathways Affected | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNM3OS | 1q24.3 | KYSE-30 ~39.4-folds KYSE-50 ~35.8-folds KYSE-180 ~28.5-folds KYSE-140 ~35-folds KYSE-450 ~7-folds Tissues ~6.3-folds KYSE-150R~4.3-folds |
X-ray radiation (12 Gy, 12 days) |
Oncogenic | qRT-PCR, Western blot analyses, ChIP assay | Increased levels of growth factors, reduced tumor suppressor levels, reduce DNA damage response leading to sustained proliferative signals, reduced apoptotic rate and enhanced radioresistance | γH2AX ↓, cPARP ↓, p-ATM ↑, Rad50 ↑, p-Chk2 ↑, Ku80 ↑, MRE1 ↑, NBS1 ↑, DNA-PKcs ↑, and p53 ↑, PDGFα/β signaling ↑ | [12] |
| LINC00473 | 6q27 | TE-1 ~6.2-folds EC9706 ~6.8-folds ECA109 ~3.6-folds KYSE-450 ~1.6-folds Tissues- ~2.6-folds |
X-ray radiation (4 Gy) |
Oncogenic | qRT-PCR, Western blot analyses | Reduced DNA damage response, reduced tumor suppressor levels, stimulated cell cycle progression leading to enhanced proliferation, reduced apoptotic rates, and enhanced radioresistance | mir-374a-5p ↓ PARP ↑ SPIN1 ↑ miR-497-5p ↓ CdC25A ↑ |
[14,15] |
| LINC00657 | 20q11.23 | KY-SE ~1.4-folds Eca-109 ~1.5-folds TE-1 ~1.4-folds Tissues ~1.3-folds |
X-ray radiation (0, 4, 8 Gy) |
Oncogenic | qRT-PCR, Western blot analyses, BrdU assay | Reduced tumor suppressor levels, causing increased cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and enhanced radioresistance | miR-615-3p ↓ JunB ↑ TGFβ ↑ TGF signaling ↑ |
[16] |
| POU6F2-AS2 | 7p14.1 | KYSE-140 ~5-folds KYSE-510 ~6.1-folds KYSE-30 ~2.0-folds KYSE-70 ~1.0-fold |
Ionizing radiation (0, 4, 6 Gy) |
Oncogenic | qRT-PCR, microarray analyses, immunoblot, RIP assay, RNA pulldown assay, ChIP-seq assay | Reduced DNA damage response, reduced tumor suppressor levels, stimulated cell cycle progression leading to enhanced proliferation and enhanced radioresistance | Ybx1 ↑ | [17] |
| FAM201A | 9p13.1 | NA | X-ray radiation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gy) |
Oncogenic | qRT-PCR, microarray analyses, Western blot analyses | Enhanced DNA damage response, reduced tumor suppressor levels leading to poorer radiosensitivity | miR-101 ↓ mTOR ↑ ATM ↑ |
[13] |
| MALAT1 | 11q13.1 | Eca109 ~3.1-folds TE-1 ~3.4-folds |
γ-radiation (5 Gy, 2.4 Gy/min) X-ray radiation (3.2 Gy/min) |
Oncogenic | qRT-PCR, Western blot analyses, RIP assay | Enhanced invasion and metastasis, reduced radiosensitivity | Cks1 ↑, YAP ↑ |
[18,19] |
| LOC285194 | 3q13.31 | KYSE-30 ~2.0-folds KYSE-510 ~1.7-folds KYSE-109 ~2-folds KYSE-70 ~1.1-folds KYSE-150 ~1.3-folds Tissues ~1.1-folds |
X-ray radiation(40 Gy, 20 fractions of 2 Gy, 5 fractions/week for 4 weeks) | Oncogenic | qRT-PCR | Enhanced cell proliferation, enhanced apoptosis and reduced radiosensitivity | NA | [20] |
| AFAP1-AS1 | 14p16.1 | KYSE-30 ~1.0-fold KYSE-70 ~15.0-folds KYSE-150 ~3.0-folds KYSE-450 ~5.0-folds KYSE-510 ~9.0-folds TE-10 ~3.0-folds Tissues ~0.8-folds |
X-ray radiation(60–70 Gy, 1.8–2 Gy/day for 5 days/week) | Oncogenic | qRT-PCR | NA | NA | [21] |
| LncTUG1 | 22q12.2 | EC9706 ~3.0-folds KYSE-30~2.9-folds KYSE-140 ~2.8-folds TE-13~2.8-folds |
X-ray radiation (2 Gy) |
Oncogenic | qRT-PCR, Western blot, RIP assay | Enhanced cell proliferation, invasion and reduced radiosensitivity | miR-144-3p ↓, MET ↑, p-Akt ↑ |
[22] |
↑ = Upregulation; ↓ = Downregulation.