Table 1.
Demographics and smoking history of treatment and control groups.
| Characteristic | Treatment | Control | |
| Participants, n | 265 | 265 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 40 (12) | 42 (12) | |
| Female, n (%) | 123 (46.4) | 116 (43.8) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
|
|
White | 183 (69.1) | 164 (61.9) |
|
|
Black/Caribbean/African | 25 (9.4) | 30 (11.3) |
|
|
Asian | 18 (6.8) | 25 (9.4) |
|
|
Arab | 3 (1.1) | 4 (1.5) |
|
|
Mixed | 24 (9.1) | 23 (8.7) |
|
|
Other | 7 (2.6) | 11 (4.2) |
|
|
Prefer not to say | 5 (1.9) | 8 (3.0) |
| Education, n (%) | |||
|
|
GCSEa or lower | 57 (21.5) | 61 (23.0) |
|
|
A-level | 65 (24.5) | 51 (19.2) |
|
|
Undergraduate degree | 76 (28.7) | 77 (29.1) |
|
|
Postgraduate degree | 44 (16.6) | 51 (19.2) |
|
|
PhD | 6 (2.3) | 2 (0.8) |
|
|
Prefer not to say | 17 (6.4) | 23 (8.7) |
| In paid employment, n (%) | 209 (78.9) | 214 (80.8) | |
| Type of employment (if employed), n (%) | |||
|
|
Managerial or professional | 126 (60.5) | 113 (53.0) |
|
|
Routine or manual | 22 (10.5) | 33 (15.3) |
|
|
Intermediate | 21 (10.0) | 20 (9.3) |
|
|
Other | 38 (18.1) | 41 (19.1) |
|
|
Prefer not to say | 2 (1.0) | 7 (3.3) |
| Cigarettes per day, mean (SD) | 14 (6) | 15 (7) | |
| Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (range 0-10), mean (SD) | 4 (2) | 4 (2) | |
| Any past attempt to quit smoking, n (%) | 223 (84.2) | 228 (86.0) | |
| Method previously used (if past attempts), n (%) | |||
|
|
Cold turkey | 104 (46.8) | 113 (49.4) |
|
|
E-cigarettes | 93 (41.5) | 95 (41.5) |
|
|
NRTb | 68 (30.6) | 64 (27.9) |
|
|
Prescription medication | 24 (10.9) | 34 (15.1) |
|
|
Smartphone app | 20 (9.1) | 22 (9.8) |
|
|
Hypnotherapy | 8 (3.8) | 16 (7.2) |
|
|
Psychological therapy | 3 (1.5) | 4 (1.9) |
aGCSE: General Certificate of Secondary Education.
bNRT: nicotine replacement therapy.