Fig. 3.

Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and micronutrients and polyphenols participation in the various cells and cytokines involved in the defense mechanisms. Polyphenols 1 resveratrol, curcumin, EGCG, gingerol, epicatechins, catechins, quercetin, propolis, Polyphenols 2 resveratrol, curcumin, EGCG, quercetin, anthocyanins; Polyphenols 3 resveratrol, curcumin, catechin, quercetin, olive oil, chamomile extract, propolis; Polyphenol 4 curcumin; Polyphenol 5 EGCG; Polyphenol 6 propolis. SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; NK cell natural killer cell; Th 17 T helper type 17; IL-1 Interleukin 1; IL-6 Interleukin 6, IL-8 Interleukin 8; IL-21 Interleukin 21; TNF-β tumor necrosis factor β; MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4; S protein spike glycoprotein; TLR-3 tool-like receptor—3; TLR-4 tool-like receptor—4; TLR-7 tool-like receptor—7; TLR-9 tool-like receptor—s9; MyD88 myeloid differentiation factor-88; NF-kB nuclear factor kappa B; IRF interferon regulatory factors; ROS reactive oxygen species. Red lines refer to inhibitory effects. Green lines refer to activating effects