. 2020 Jun 17;86(11):2256–2265. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14328

TABLE 1.

Diagnosis criteria of amoxicillin‐induced crystal nephropathy adapted from Vodovar et al.⁴

INCLUSION CRITERIA	EXCLUSION CRITERIA
Acute kidney injury defined according to the KDIGO criteria²⁰ AND Microscopic or macroscopic haematuria confirmed by sediment urine analysis AND Temporal coincidence between AMX/AMX‐CLAV administration and AKI onset	• concomitant administration of nephrotoxic drugs with a causality assessment equal to or greater than AMX/AMX‐CLAV therapy (according to Naranjo scale)¹⁷ • any underlying condition causing acute kidney injury and/or macroscopic haematuria (or red‐coloured urine by itself) (shock, sepsis, urinary tract infection, urological surgery, kidney disease, rhabdomyolysis, haemolysis, rifampicin treatment …) • fever, rash or liver enzyme abnormalities (suggesting hypersensitivity including acute interstitial nephritis) • purpura, arthralgia or bowel angina (suggesting amoxicillin induced leucocytoclastic vasculitis)

INCLUSION CRITERIA

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

Acute kidney injury defined according to the KDIGO criteria²⁰

AND

Microscopic or macroscopic haematuria confirmed by sediment urine analysis

AND

Temporal coincidence between AMX/AMX‐CLAV administration and AKI onset

• concomitant administration of nephrotoxic drugs with a causality assessment equal to or greater than AMX/AMX‐CLAV therapy (according to Naranjo scale)¹⁷

• any underlying condition causing acute kidney injury and/or macroscopic haematuria (or red‐coloured urine by itself) (shock, sepsis, urinary tract infection, urological surgery, kidney disease, rhabdomyolysis, haemolysis, rifampicin treatment …)

• fever, rash or liver enzyme abnormalities (suggesting hypersensitivity including acute interstitial nephritis)

• purpura, arthralgia or bowel angina (suggesting amoxicillin induced leucocytoclastic vasculitis)

AKI: acute kidney insufficiency; AMX: amoxicillin; AMX‐CLAV: amoxicillin–clavulanate; KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes