TABLE 2.
Patient demographics, amoxicillin treatment characteristics, and AICN description (including AKI). AKI was staged using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria
| Total (n = 101) | Medical (n = 69) | Surgical (n = 32) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Sex ratio, M/F (n = 101) | 0.46 | 0.56 | 0.28 | .2 |
| Age, years (n = 101) | 64 [48;77] | 73 [60;80] | 47 [34;64] | <.001 |
| Weight, kg (n = 73) | 72 [59;84] | 72 [60;83] | 70 [56;84] | .7 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (n = 62) | 26 [21;30] | 27 [24;30] | 26 [20;30] | .5 |
| Medical history (n = 101) | ||||
| • arterial hypertension | 29 (29) | 25 (36) | 4 (13) | <.05 |
| • diabetes mellitus | 14 (14) | 14 (20) | 0 (0) | <.01 |
| • CKD | 3 (4) | 3 (4) | 0 (0) | .5 |
| AMX/AMX‐CLAV treatment characteristics | ||||
| AMX formulation (n = 101) | ||||
| • AMX alone | 66 (66) | 65 (94) | 1 (3) | |
| • AMX‐CLAV alone | 31 (31) | 1(1) | 30 (94) | <.001 |
| • AMX and AMX‐CLAV in combination | 4 (4) | 3 (5) | 1 (3) | |
| AMX daily dose | ||||
| • g/d (n = 94) | 12[4;12] | 12 [12;15] | 2 [2;2] | <.001 |
| • mg/kg/d (n = 68) | 144 [57;189] | 180 [150;207] | 54 [36;66.5] | <.001 |
| AICN characteristics | ||||
| Baseline creatinine level, μmol/L (n = 65) | 68 [59;79] | 69 [59;85] | 67 [58;78] | .6 |
| Baseline creatinine eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 65) | 96 [76;113] | 90 [69;118] | 99 [78;110] | .6 |
| Maximum creatinine level, μmol/L (n = 84) | 385 [224;525] | 389 [244;545] | 357 [178;493] | .2 |
| Minimal creatinine eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 84) | 12 [9;21] | 11 [8;18] | 14 [9;30] | .1 |
| AKI stage according to KDIGO (n = 101) | ||||
| • stage 1 | 15 (15) | 7 (10) | 8 (25) | |
| • stage 2 | 16 (16) | 9 (13) | 7 (22) | <.05 |
| • stage 3 | 70 (70) | 53 (77) | 17 (53) | |
| Time from AMX/AMX‐CLAV | ||||
| • challenge to AICN onset, days (n = 100) | 3 [0.2;8.0] | 5.0 [3.0;11.0] | 0.1 [0.1;0.2] | <.001 |
| • withdrawal to kidney function recovery, days (n = 71) | 7 [4;11] | 10 [6;13] | 4 [2;8] | <.01 |
| Outcome | ||||
| ICU admission and/or renal replacement therapy | 24 (24) | 16 (23) | 8 (25) | 1.0 |
AKI: acute kidney insufficiency; AMX: amoxicillin; AMX‐CLAV: amoxicillin–clavulanate; BMI: body mass index; CKD: chronic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICU: intensive care unit; KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes