TABLE 2.
Prevalence and characteristics of trajectories of benzodiazepine (BZD) dispensing (permanent sample of beneficiaries 2009–2016—n = 106 437)
| Trajectory 0 | Trajectory 1 | Trajectory 2 | Trajectory 3 | Trajectory 4 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non‐users | Occasional users | Decreasing users | Early increasing users | Late increasing users | |||||||
| ≥50 y at inclusion | ≥75 y at inclusion | ≥50 y at inclusion | ≥75 y at inclusion | ≥50 y at inclusion | ≥75 y at inclusion | ≥50 y at inclusion | ≥75 y at inclusion | ≥50 y at inclusion | ≥75 y at inclusion | ||
| Prevalence of trajectories according to age at inclusion and sex (%) | |||||||||||
| Women | 50–64 | 72.7 | 19.5 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 2.8 | |||||
| 65–74 | 73.5 | 17.0 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.5 | ||||||
| 75–84 | 73.5 | 74.5 | 14.9 | 14.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 4.9 | |
| >84 | 78.9 | 79.2 | 10.4 | 9.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 3.8 | |
| All | 73.4 | 75.9 | 17.6 | 12.9 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 4.6 | |
| Men | 50–64 | 80.9 | 13.0 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.5 | |||||
| 65–74 | 81.0 | 12.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.9 | ||||||
| 75–84 | 77.2 | 77.7 | 12.9 | 12.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 4.3 | |
| >84 | 78.5 | 78.9 | 12.2 | 10.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 3.7 | |
| All | 80.3 | 78.0 | 12.7 | 12.1 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 4.2 | |
| All | 50–64 | 76.8 | 16.3 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.6 | |||||
| 65–74 | 77.3 | 14.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.2 | ||||||
| 75–84 | 75.1 | 75.9 | 14.0 | 13.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 4.6 | |
| >84 | 78.8 | 79.1 | 11.0 | 9.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 3.2 | 3.8 | |
| All | 76.7 | 76.7 | 15.2 | 12.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 4.4 | |
| Death during follow‐up (%) | |||||||||||
| 11.4 | 34.3 | 12.1 | 33.45 | 15.0 | 37.7 | 27.0 | 47.51 | 19.4 | 38.0 | ||
| Proportion of quarters with at least 1 benzodiazepine dispensed during follow‐up a , mean (SD) | |||||||||||
| 0.6 (1.3) | 0.6 (1.5) | 12.0 (7.9) | 13.9 (7.5) | 44.7 (17.1) | 56.2 (22.0) | 67.0 (17.4) | 61.8 (20.0) | 30.8 (11.4) | 30.9 (14.0) | ||
| Total number of BZD treatment episodes during follow‐up, mean (SD) | |||||||||||
| 0.3 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.9) | 2.9 (1.7) | 2.8 (1.8) | 8.9 (4.4) | 8.0 (5.4) | 8.7 (6.5) | 6.3 (5.8) | 6.0 (3.7) | 5.0 (3.9) | ||
| Average duration of a BZD treatment episodes (days) b , mean (SD) | |||||||||||
| 51.5 (98.3) | 74.6 (138.2) | 45.1 (55.0) | 53.1 (70.3) | 68.7 (112.3) | 83.0 (142.2) | 149.6 (279.8) | 167.2 (298.7) | 91.3 (148.0) | 119.3 (191.1) | ||
| Somatic multimorbidity score during follow‐up, mean (SD) | |||||||||||
| 0.39 (0.26) | 0.46 (0.29) | 0.50 (0.25) | 0.57 (0.28) | 0.54 (0.25) | 0.57 (0.26) | 0.57 (0.26) | 0.60 (0.29) | 0.52 (0.24) | 0.55 (0.24) | ||
a
(Number of quarters with at least one BZD dispensed* 100).
b
Calculated in persons with at least one BZD treatment episode during the follow‐up period SD: standard deviation.