. 2020 Sep 10;9(10):978–998. doi: 10.1530/EC-20-0423
This work is licensed under a Table 1.
Characteristics of study groups included in the meta-analysis.
| Progestin in OC | First author | Ref. | Country | na | Age | BMI | Follow-up (months) | Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlormadinone | Vieira | (6) | Brazil | 20 | 25.0 | 23.3 | 12 | Medium |
| Chlormadinone | Cagnacci | (7) | Italy | 12 | 28.1 | 23.1 | 6 | Low |
| Cyproterone | Vrbikova | (8) | Czech Republic | 12 | 25.4 | 24.4 | 3 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Vexiau | (9) | France | 24 | 25.0 | 20.6 | 12 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Vermeulen | (10) | Belgium | 13 | – | – | 6 | Low |
| Cyproterone | Vermeulen | (10) | Belgium | 17 | – | – | 6 | Low |
| Cyproterone | Venturoli | (11) | Italy | 20 | 22.9 | 22.6 | 12 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Teede | (12) | Australia | 26 | 33.5 | 35.8 | 6 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Sabuncu | (13) | Turkey | 14 | 28.8 | 37.8 | 6 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Rautio | (14) | Finland | 10 | – | – | 6 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Porcile | (15) | Chile | 10 | 25.0 | 23.2 | 24 | Low |
| Cyproterone | Moran | (16) | Australia | 30 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 6 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Miccoli | (17) | Italy | 20 | 25.0 | 21.2 | 6 | Low |
| Cyproterone | Mhao | (18) | Iraq | 10 | – | 30.5 | 3 | High |
| Cyproterone | Luque-Ramirez | (19) | Spain | 15 | 23.4 | 29.2 | 6 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Lemay | (20) | Canada | 7 | 20.0 | 33.9 | 6 | High |
| Cyproterone | Kahraman | (21) | Turkey | 26 | 21.0 | 22.8 | 12 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Hutchison | (22) | Australia | 19 | 34.1 | 35.3 | 6 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Hagag | (23) | Israel | 70 | 21.0 | 23.5 | 12 | High |
| Cyproterone | Fugère | (24) | Canada | 40 | 22.7 | 22.1 | 12 | Low |
| Cyproterone | Fugère | (24) | Canada | 33 | 23.2 | 22.2 | 12 | Low |
| Cyproterone | Feng | (25) | China | 41 | 28.6 | 27.8 | 3 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Elter | (26) | Turkey | 20 | 23.5 | 21.8 | 4 | Low |
| Cyproterone | Dardzińska | (27) | Poland | 24 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 4 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Cetinkalp | (28) | Turkey | 33 | – | 24.7 | 4 | High |
| Cyproterone | Bilgir | (29) | Turkey | 20 | 24.3 | 28.2 | 3 | Medium |
| Cyproterone | Leelaphiwat | (30) | Thailand | 16 | 26.9 | 23.0 | 3 | Low |
| Cyproterone | Behboudi-Gandevani | (86) | Iran | 32 | 24.2 | 25.4 | 3 | High |
| Cyproterone | Song | (87) | China | 60 | 27.7 | 28.6 | 3 | High |
| Desogestrel | März | (31) | Germany | 22 | – | – | 3 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Bertolini | (32) | Italy | 20 | – | – | 6 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Miccoli | (17) | Italy | 19 | 26.0 | 21.1 | 6 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Gevers | (33) | Netherlands | 28 | – | – | 12 | Low |
| Desogestrel | März | (34) | Germany | 11 | – | – | 12 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Robinson | (35) | England | 17 | 38.2 | 20.9 | 6 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Steinmetz | (36) | Germany | 23 | 21.5 | 21.1 | 3 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Petersen | (37) | Denmark | 15 | 24.0 | – | 3 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Porcile | (38) | Chile | 9 | – | – | 24 | Medium |
| Desogestrel | Porcile | (38) | Chile | 6 | – | – | 24 | Medium |
| Desogestrel | Porcile | (15) | Chile | 10 | 22.5 | 22.5 | 24 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Porcile | (15) | Chile | 6 | 22.4 | 23.5 | 24 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Kauppinen-Mäkelin | (39) | Finland | 15 | – | – | 3 | Medium |
| Desogestrel | Song | (40) | China | 11 | 32.2 | 20.8 | 3 | Medium |
| Desogestrel | Song | (40) | China | 11 | 32.2 | 20.8 | 3 | Medium |
| Desogestrel | Cachrimanidou | (41) | Sweden | 13 | 24.0 | – | 12 | High |
| Desogestrel | Cachrimanidou | (41) | Sweden | 7 | 24.0 | – | 12 | High |
| Desogestrel | Kuhl | (42) | Germany | 16 | – | – | 3 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Kuhl | (42) | Germany | 16 | – | – | 3 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Singh | (43) | USA | 23 | 24.9 | – | 6 | Low |
| Desogestrel | van den Ende | (44) | Netherlands | 20 | 27.5 | 21.3 | 3 | Low |
| Desogestrel | van der Mooren | (45) | Netherlands | 62 | 26.3 | 22.5 | 6 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Gaspard | (46) | Belgium | 25 | 21.2 | 21.9 | 13 | Medium |
| Desogestrel | Klipping | (47) | Netherlands | 30 | 23.7 | 21.7 | 6 | Medium |
| Desogestrel | Banaszewska | (48) | Poland | 48 | 24.0 | 22.3 | 3 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Cagnacci | (49) | Italy | 20 | – | 24.1 | 6 | Medium |
| Desogestrel | Cagnacci | (7) | Italy | 12 | 27.8 | 23 | 6 | Low |
| Desogestrel | Kriplani | (50) | India | 29 | 22.5 | 26.1 | 6 | Medium |
| Desogestrel | Shahnazi | (51) | Iran | 68 | 30.0 | 28.7 | 3 | Low |
| Dienogest | Wiegratz | (52) | Germany | 25 | 26.1 | 21.9 | 6 | Low |
| Dienogest | Wiegratz | (52) | Germany | 25 | 26.1 | 21.9 | 6 | Low |
| Dienogest | Junge | (53) | Germany | 30 | 28.1 | 23.2 | 6 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Gaspard | (46) | Belgium | 25 | 21.5 | 20.2 | 13 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Klipping | (47) | Netherlands | 29 | 23.8 | 21.8 | 6 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Özdemir | (54) | Turkey | 32 | 22.7 | 24.3 | 6 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Yildizhan | (55) | Turkey | 72 | – | 22.9 | 12 | High |
| Drospirenone | Battaglia | (56) | Italy | 19 | 23.4 | 25.1 | 6 | Low |
| Drospirenone | Fruzzetti | (57) | Italy | 16 | 24.3 | 24.7 | 6 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Kriplani | (50) | India | 29 | 22.5 | 27.6 | 6 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Machado | (58) | Brazil | 39 | 27.9 | 22.5 | 6 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Machado | (58) | Brazil | 38 | 27.7 | 22.3 | 6 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Mohamed | (59) | Egypt | 245 | 30.9 | 25.9 | 12 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Klipping | (60) | Netherlands | 26 | 24.8 | 22.5 | 12 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Klipping | (60) | Netherlands | 21 | 24.4 | 25.5 | 12 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Klipping | (60) | Netherlands | 28 | 24.8 | 22.5 | 12 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Romualdi | (61) | Italy | 15 | 22.9 | 22.06 | 12 | Low |
| Drospirenone | Romualdi | (61) | Italy | 15 | 21.9 | 22.7 | 12 | Low |
| Drospirenone | Kahraman | (21) | Turkey | 26 | 21.5 | 22.0 | 12 | Medium |
| Drospirenone | Orio | (62) | Italy | 50 | 26.4 | 27.0 | 6 | Low |
| Gestodene | Bertolini | (32) | Italy | 20 | – | – | 6 | Low |
| Gestodene | Kjaer | (63) | Denmark | 16 | 24.7 | – | 6 | Low |
| Gestodene | Miccoli | (17) | Italy | 18 | 24.0 | 20.9 | 6 | Low |
| Gestodene | Gevers | (33) | Netherlands | 32 | – | – | 12 | Low |
| Gestodene | März | (31) | Germany | 11 | – | – | 12 | Low |
| Gestodene | Robinson | (35) | England | 20 | 38.1 | 22.2 | 6 | Low |
| Gestodene | Steinmetz | (36) | Germany | 21 | 20.1 | 20.3 | 3 | Low |
| Gestodene | Petersen | (64) | Denmark | 20 | 24.5 | 20.9 | 6 | Low |
| Gestodene | Petersen | (37) | Denmark | 19 | 23.0 | – | 3 | Low |
| Gestodene | van der Mooren | (45) | Netherlands | 62 | 26.1 | 22.1 | 6 | Low |
| Gestodene | Endrikat | (65) | Germany | 35 | 24.7 | 22.7 | 6 | Low |
| Gestodene | Endrikat | (65) | Germany | 34 | 25.2 | 22.6 | 6 | Low |
| Gestodene | Merki-Feld | (66) | Switzerland | 8 | 22.0 | – | 3 | Medium |
| Gestodene | Merki-Feld | (66) | Switzerland | 8 | 20.3 | – | 3 | Medium |
| Gestodene | Merki-Feld | (67) | Switzerland | 6 | 22.8 | 21.6 | 3 | High |
| Gestodene | Merki-Feld | (67) | Switzerland | 6 | 20.8 | 24.2 | 3 | High |
| Gestodene | Yildizhan | (55) | Turkey | 71 | – | 22.5 | 12 | High |
| Levonogestrel | Larsson-Cohn | (68) | Sweden | 24 | 27.3 | – | 6 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Larsson-Cohn | (68) | Sweden | 20 | 23.3 | – | 6 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Larsson-Cohn | (68) | Sweden | 23 | 25.0 | – | 6 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Larsson-Cohn | (68) | Sweden | 20 | 23.3 | – | 6 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Larsson-Cohn | (68) | Sweden | 23 | 25.0 | – | 6 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Larsson-Cohn | (69) | Sweden | 25 | – | – | 6 | High |
| Levonogestrel | Larsson-Cohn | (69) | Sweden | 25 | – | – | 6 | High |
| Levonogestrel | Larsson-Cohn | (69) | Sweden | 24 | – | – | 6 | High |
| Levonogestrel | Larsson-Cohn | (69) | Sweden | 24 | – | – | 6 | High |
| Levonogestrel | März | (34) | Germany | 22 | – | – | 3 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Bertolini | (32) | Italy | 20 | – | – | 6 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Boonsiri | (70) | Thailand | 59 | 23.8 | – | 12 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Boonsiri | (70) | Thailand | 62 | 23.7 | – | 12 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Boonsiri | (70) | Thailand | 66 | 24.5 | – | 12 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Kjaer | (63) | Denmark | 17 | 24.7 | – | 6 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Notelovitz | (71) | USA | 29 | 25.4 | 23.6 | 12 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Patsch | (72) | USA | 45 | – | – | 6 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Loke | (73) | Singapore | 21 | 25.7 | 20.8 | 12 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Loke | (73) | Singapore | 24 | 25.3 | 21.0 | 12 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Steinmetz | (36) | Germany | 15 | 22.5 | 22.1 | 3 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Janaud | (74) | France | 32 | 26.1 | – | 6 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Kauppinen-Mäkelin | (39) | Finland | 15 | – | – | 3 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Song | (40) | China | 12 | 32.2 | 20.8 | 3 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Kakis | (75) | Canada | 8 | 22.4 | 22.1 | 24 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Reisman | (76) | USA | 155 | 26.8 | 25.2 | 4 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Endrikat | (77) | Germany | 23 | 22.7 | 22.2 | 13 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Endrikat | (77) | Germany | 25 | 24.2 | 22.5 | 13 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Merki-Feld | (66) | Switzerland | 8 | 20.3 | – | 3 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Merki-Feld | (66) | Switzerland | 8 | 22.0 | – | 3 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Merki-Feld | (67) | Switzerland | 6 | 20.8 | 24.2 | 3 | High |
| Levonogestrel | Merki-Feld | (67) | Switzerland | 6 | 22.8 | 21.6 | 3 | High |
| Levonogestrel | Wiegratz | (52) | Germany | 25 | 26.1 | 21.9 | 6 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Scharnagl | (78) | Austria | 44 | 27.0 | 22.3 | 12 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Scharnagl | (78) | Austria | 46 | 26.0 | 22.3 | 12 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Skouby | (79) | Denmark | 22 | 23.5 | 21.1 | 12 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Skouby | (79) | Denmark | 27 | 24.1 | 21.9 | 12 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Skouby | (80) | Denmark | 9 | 22.0 | – | 6 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Elkind-Hirsch | (81) | USA | 20 | 29.5 | 29.5 | 6 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Ågren | (82) | Finland | 58 | 29.1 | 22.3 | 6 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Junge | (53) | Germany | 28 | 31.1 | 22.1 | 6 | Medium |
| Levonogestrel | Beasley | (83) | USA | 58 | 25.0 | 26.1 | 3 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Beasley | (83) | USA | 51 | 24.6 | 26.7 | 3 | Low |
| Levonogestrel | Shahnazi | (51) | Iran | 69 | 28.9 | 28.5 | 3 | Low |
| Norgestimate | Janaud | (74) | France | 34 | 24.7 | – | 6 | Medium |
| Norgestimate | Petersen | (64) | Denmark | 17 | 23.5 | 20.3 | 6 | Low |
| Norgestimate | Cibula | (84) | Czech Republic | 14 | 23.2 | 22.1 | 6 | Medium |
| Norgestimate | Essah | (85) | USA | 10 | – | 32.6 | 3 | Low |
| Norgestimate | Hagag | (23) | Israel | 25 | 22.0 | 24.0 | 12 | High |
a n refers to the number of women in the group receiving the progestin of interest.