FIGURE 3.

Bladder reconstruction using electrospun PCL/PLLA scaffold in canine model. (A) SEM micrograph of PCL/PLLA scaffold with fiber diameter in the range of 120 to 1500 nm. (B–D) Surgical technique of PCL/PLLA scaffold implantation. (E) External and (F) luminal view of reconstructed bladder in smooth muscle transplanted group after 3 months, with full coverage of implanted scaffold. Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining of regenerated area in smooth muscle transplanted group representing the formation of well-developed urothelium (G) and smooth muscle layer (H). Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Ltd., Shakhssalim et al. (2017).