Fig. 1.

Photomicrographs of tooth pulp inflammation and nocifensive reflex to mechanical or heat stimulation of the tongue following tooth pulp exposure. a Photomicrographs of histological sections of the mandibular first molar 1 day after tooth pulp exposure. b Time course of behavioral tests. c, d Head withdrawal threshold to heat (c) or mechanical (d) stimulation of the ipsilateral tongue following tooth pulp exposure. Group comparisons were performed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer post hoc tests. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM