Fig. 1.

PMCs-derived VEGFA promotes the adhesion and migration of GC cells in a hypoxic microenvironment. a Immunohistochemical analysis of the hypoxia inducible transcription factor HIF-1α in benign mouse peritonea and GC metastatic peritonea. b Growth factor screening analysis identified the secretion of several growth factors. Supernatants were acquired from normal media and conditioned media from hypoxic PMCs. c The level of the VEGFA protein level in the supernatant was determined for mesothelial cells exposed to 0, 6, 24 and 48 h of hypoxia. VEGFA protein level was determined using ELISA. d The effect of hypoxic-conditioned media (CM) and exogenous VEGFA on cell adhesion and migration was determined after 24 h, in the presence or absence of Bevacizumab (Beva) antibody. Representative photographs of adherent and migratory cells (magnification, 200×) are shown. Scale bar represents 100 μm. Error bars represent standard deviation (SD) of the mean, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. e MGC-803 cells were intraperitoneally inoculated into nude mice. The experimental group was given intraperitoneal administration of 200 μg of Bevacizumab every other day. The peritoneal nodules (green arrows) were evaluated after 20 days (N = 5 per group). Representative data are shown. ****P < 0.0001