. 2020 Oct 21;4(10):e00274. doi: 10.1002/pld3.274

TABLE 1.

Trait response to a factorial of light and nutrient limitation. Light versus shade designates direct sun versus 50% shade treatment

Category	Treatment response	Trait	Unit	Abbreviation	Light‐Rich	Light‐poor	Shade‐rich	Shade‐poor	w/o biomass				Including biomass						Change with mass
Category	Treatment response	Trait	Unit	Abbreviation	Light‐Rich	Light‐poor	Shade‐rich	Shade‐poor	G	L	N	L × N	Mass	G	MxG	L	N	L × N	Change with mass
		Total Biomass	g		1.70 ± 0.14^a	1.28 ± 0.07^b	0.77 ± 0.05^c	0.56 ± 0.05^d	**	**	**		n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Allocation	Passive & active	Leaf mass fraction	g·g⁻¹	LF‐MF	0.68 ± 0.006^a	0.59 ± 0.001^b	0.70 ± 0.01^c	0.66 ± 0.01^d	**	**	**	**		***	***		***	***	L(*) to (ns)
		Ratio of leaf mass fine root mass		RatioLF‐FRmass	5.58 ± 0.33^a	2.93 ± 0.22^b	9.96 ± 0.65^c	6.58 ± 0.40^a	**	**	**	**		***		***	***		LxN(*) to (ns)
		Ratio of leaf SLA and fine root SRL		RatioSLA‐SRL	1.30 ± 0.07^ab	1.13 ± 0.06^b	1.50 ± 0.11^a	1.23 ± 0.04^b	**	*	*			***		*			N(*) to (ns)
	Active	Stem mass fraction	g·g⁻¹	ST‐MF	0.16 ± 0.009^a	0.16 ± 0.009^a	0.20 ± 0.001^b	0.21 ± 0.02^c	**	**		*		***	**	***		**
		Fine root mass fraction	g·g⁻¹	FR‐MF	0.13 ± 0.007^a	0.21 ± 0.001^b	0.074 ± 0.004^c	0.10 ± 0.007^d	**	**	**	**		***	***	***	***	***
		Tap root mass fraction	g·g⁻¹	TR‐MF	0.04 ± 0.002^a	0.04 ± 0.003^a	0.027 ± 0.002^b	0.03 ± 0.002^b	**	**				***		***
Morphology	Passive	Fine root tissue density	g·cm⁻³	FR‐Den	0.033 ± 0.002^a	0.033 ± 0.001^a	0.027 ± 0.002^b	0.028 ± 0.001^ab	**	**				***					L(*) to (ns)
	Passive	Tap root speific root length	m·g⁻¹	TR‐SRL	4.46 ± 0.43^a	5.04 ± 0.56^ab	7.35 ± 0.90^b	10.51 ± 2.06^c	**	**			*	*					L(*) to (ns)
	Passive & active	Stem Height	cm	ST‐Hgt	14.62 ± 0.82^a	14.33 ± 0.93^a	16.75 ± 1.11^b	16.43 ± 1.64^b	**	**			***	***		***	*		N(ns) to (*)
		Stem diameter	mm	ST‐Dia	5.23 ± 0.18^a	4.65 ± 0.10^b	4.30 ± 0.13^b	3.88 ± 0.11^c	**	**	**		***	***	***		***	***	L() to LxN()
		Tap root tissue density	g·cm⁻³	TR‐Den	0.037 ± 0.002^a	0.043 ± 0.002^b	0.033 ± 0.002^a	0.033 ± 0.002^a	**	**	**	*		***	*		***	*	L(*) to (ns)
		Tap root diameter	µm	TR‐Dia	1337.49 ± 62.57^a	1228.76 ± 59.19^a	937.87 ± 42.74^b	900.58 ± 36.41^b	**	**			**	***	*			*	L() to LxN()
	Active	Leaf thickness	µm	LF‐Th	257.71 ± 8.38^a	248.87 ± 7.23^a	228.86 ± 4.75^b	227.24 ± 6.37^b	**	**			*	***		***
		Leaf dry mass content	mg·g⁻¹	LF‐Den	102.95 ± 2.66^a	106.92 ± 2.55^a	87.33 ± 2.78^b	90.91 ± 2.69^b		**				***		***
		Leaf specific leaf area	cm²·g⁻¹	LF‐SLA	349.53 ± 11.04^a	362.46 ± 6.47^a	487.72 ± 8.96^b	493.42 ± 18.32^b	**	**			**	***		***
		Stem tissue density	g·cm⁻³	ST‐Den	0.039 ± 0.003^a	0.037 ± 0.002^a	0.028 ± 0.001^b	0.031 ± 0.002^ab	*	**						*
		Fine root diameter	µm	FR‐Dia	404.95 ± 8.32^a	374.96 ± 8.15^bc	388.27 ± 1.95^ab	348.22 ± 8.61^c	**		**			***			**
		Fine root specific root length	m·g⁻¹	FR‐SRL	288.10 ± 11.34^a	342.28 ± 17.57^b	377.10 ± 21.55^b	423.75 ± 23.45^c	**	**	**			***		*	*
Anatomy	None	Fine root Ks	kg·s⁻¹·m⁻¹·MPa⁻¹	FR‐Ks	0.54 ± 0.07^a	0.63 ± 0.16^a	0.66 ± 0.15^a	0.64 ± 0.13^a	**				*	***
	Passive	Leaf Ks	kg·s⁻¹·m⁻¹·MPa⁻¹	LF‐Ks	4.55 ± 0.45^a	4.27 ± 0.53^a	3.66 ± 0.42^ab	3.34 ± 0.33^b	**	**				***					L(*) to (ns)
		Stem cortex thickness	µm	ST‐CTh	262.41 ± 15.68^a	266.45 ± 12.93^a	227.65 ± 11.37^b	225.16 ± 10.32^b	**	**			**	***					L(*) to (ns)
		Stem xylem thickness	µm	ST‐XTh	314.49 ± 11.57^a	293.74 ± 7.17^a	234.98 ± 9.27^b	205.33 ± 8.60^c	**	**		*	***	***					L() & LxN() to (ns)
		Tap root cortex thickness	µm	TR‐CTh	209.14 ± 8.67^a	209.20 ± 8.06^a	182.66 ± 13.98^b	186.40 ± 9.60^ab	**	**				***					L(*) to (ns)
	Passive & active	Stem vascular thickness	µm	ST‐VTh	651.28 ± 22.70^a	593.58 ± 21.77^b	479.75 ± 21.92^c	436.78 ± 19.99^d	**	**	**		***	***	*	**		*	N() to LxN()
		Stem Ks	kg·s⁻¹·m⁻¹·MPa⁻¹	ST‐Ks	8.62 ± 0.77^a	9.86 ± 0.89^ab	11.12 ± 1.11^b	9.56 ± 1.09^ab	**	**		*	***	***		***	**		LxN() to N()
		Tap root Ks	kg·s⁻¹·m⁻¹·MPa⁻¹	TR‐Ks	27.16 ± 4.14^a	28.32 ± 4.08^a	29.43 ± 3.84^a	30.49 ± 4.31^a	**					***		**			L(ns) to (*)
		Tap root stele diameter	µm	TR‐SDia	888.75 ± 60.60^a	769.73 ± 44.59^b	569.64 ± 22.97^c	517.38 ± 30.58^c	**	**	**		**	***	*			*	L() & N() to LxN(*)
	Active	Leaf palisade thickness	µm	LF‐PTh	141.35 ± 4.60^a	136.74 ± 4.61^ab	124.16 ± 3.96^bc	122.22 ± 3.20^c	**	**				***		*
		Leaf spongy thickness	µm	LF‐STh	79.96 ± 4.93^a	74.11 ± 4.63^ab	70.79 ± 2.85^b	73.60 ± 4.85^ab	**	**	*	*	*	***	*	**	*	*
		Fine root cortex thickness	µm	FR‐CTh	136.38 ± 2.99^a	125.46 ± 3.58^a	127.44 ± 4.13^a	113.25 ± 2.07^b	*		*			**			*
		Fine root stele diameter	µm	FR‐SDia	113.38 ± 5.27^a	103.50 ± 4.28^b	111.68 ± 5.01^ab	104.40 ± 4.44^ab	**		**			***			*

Rich versus poor designates high nutrients versus 10% nutrient concentration treatment. For each trait, the ANOVA effects of genotype (G), light (L) and nutrient (N) stresses, and their interactions (L × N) are presented, without (w/o) or with plant total biomass (Mass) included as a covariate: ***: p < .001, **: p < .01, *: p < .05. Based on the difference between the models with and without biomass as covariate, we assigned a treatment response as either passive (primarily scaling with mass), active (adjusted independent of mass), or a combination thereof. For each treatment combination, the mean ± SE of 10 genotypes (estimated marginal mean from the ANOVA, based on 5–6 replicates per genotype) is presented for each trait. Different lower‐case letters represent significant (p < .05) Tukey's post hoc differences among treatments for each trait from the ANOVA without biomass as a covariate.