Figure 1.

Several glycolytic enzymes localize at the cytoskeleton. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down to pyruvate in a series of enzymatic reactions that take place in the cytosol, resulting in a net output of 2 molecules each of ATP and NADH. Pyruvate can be converted to lactic acid, or transported into the mitochondria and converted into acetyl‐coA. Several enzymes involved in the glycolysis pathway have been shown to be intimately linked with local energy generation and cytoskeletal rearrangements in both immune and non‐immune cells. Scaffolding to cytoskeletal components also increases the efficiency of enzymatic reactions.