Table 2.

Clinical trials of drugs promoting healthy aging.

Drug	Participants and sample size, n	Dose	Duration	Status	Main findings (completed) or research purposes (recruiting)	Reference (completed) or NCT number (recruiting)
Dasatinib plus Quercetin	Patients with IPF, n = 14	Dasatinib:100 mg/day, Quercetin:1250 mg/day, three-days/week	3 weeks	completed	Dasatinib plus Quercetin may alleviate physical dysfunction in IPF	Justice et al.,6 USA
Dasatinib plus Quercetin	Adults aged 50–80 years with diabetes mellitus and CKD were included, n = 9	Dasatinib: 100 mg daily, Quercetin:1000 mg total daily (500 mg twice daily)	3 days	completed	Dasatinib plus Quercetin treatment significantly decreased senescent cell burden in humans.	Hickson et al.,31 USA
Dasatinib plus Quercetin	Allogeneic HSCT patients surviving ⩾1 year post-HSCT, n = 10	Quercetin: 1000 mg daily, Dasatinib:100 mg daily	3 consecutive days	recruiting	Evaluate the biologic markers of premature aging and senescence in HSCT survivors and their correlation with clinical outcomes	[ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02652052]
Dasatinib	Patients with SSc-ILD, n = 12	Not provided	169 days	completed	A decrease in skin expression of SASP and other senescence-related gene sets was associated with Dasatinib treatment	Martyanov et al.,196 USA
curcumin	Healthy adults aged 60–85 years old, n = 60	80 mg per day or per time	Acute (1 and 3 h after a single dose), chronic (4 weeks)	completed	Acute: trend in improvement in sustained attention (p = 0.168) and significant improvement in working memory; chronic: significant improvement in working memory	Cox et al.,198 Australia
MitoQ	Healthy older adults (60–79 years) with impaired endothelial function, n = 20	20 mg/day	6 weeks	completed	MitoQ and other therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species may hold promise for treating age-related vascular dysfunction.	Rossman et al.,43 USA
Fisetin	Adults aged 70 years or older, n = 40	20 mg/kg/day	2 consecutive days	recruiting	Evaluate markers of frailty and markers of inflammation, insulin resistance, and bone resorption while maintaining bone formation in older adults.	[ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03675724]
Fisetin	Patients with osteoarthritis aged 40–80, n = 72	20 mg/kg per day	Orally for two consecutive days, followed by 28 days off, then 2 more consecutive days.	recruiting	To determine whether fisetin reduces senescent cells, pro-inflammatory and cartilage degenerating SASP markers, and reduces osteoarthritis-symptoms leading to improved joint health and function.	[ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04210986]
Metformin	Patients aged 60 years or older, with stable coronary artery disease and prediabetes disease, n = 12	500 mg tablet by mouth, every 6–8 h per day	1 years	recruiting	Enhance understanding of the regenerative impact of metformin and the basis for clinical improvement in the setting of senescence.	[ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03451006]
Rapamycin	Participants more than 40 years of age and had no history of diabetes/hypercholesterolemia, n = 36	Topical application of 0.5cc rapamycin cream (10 μM) to the dorsal side of each hand	8 months	completed	Rapamycin reduced the markers of aging and clinical improvement in skin appearance was noted	Chung et al.,197 USA

CKD, chronic kidney disease; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SSc-ILD, systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease.