Table 1.
Pharmacist characteristics and COVID-19 preparedness (N = 62).
| Variable | Mean (SD) or N (%) |
|---|---|
| Pharmacist characteristics | |
| Age (range: 28–71 years) | 44.1 (10.9) |
| Male gender | 33 (53) |
| White race | 59 (95) |
| Years practiced as pharmacist (range: 1–50) | 20.6 (12.2) |
| Highest pharmacy degree | |
| PharmD | 41 (66) |
| BSPharm | 18 (29) |
| Other | 2 (3) |
| Pharmacy Characteristics | |
| Type | |
| Independent | 55 (89) |
| Grocery chain | 4 (7) |
| National chain | 2 (3) |
| Has drive-through | 32 (52) |
| Is CLIA-waivered siteb | 24 (39) |
| State | |
| Alabama | 17 (27) |
| Arkansas | 9 (15) |
| Mississippi | 6 (10) |
| North Carolina | 17 (27) |
| South Carolina | 13 (21) |
| Ruralitya | |
| Large rural town (RUCA 4–6) | 26 (42) |
| Small rural town (RUCA 7–9) | 23 (37) |
| Isolated rural town (RUCA 10) | 13 (21) |
| COVID-19 information sources | |
| CDC | 54 (84) |
| State health department | 48 (77) |
| State pharmacy association | 44 (71) |
| National pharmacy association | 32 (52) |
| Local news outlet | 25 (40) |
| Local health department | 16 (26) |
| National news/media outlet | 15 (24) |
| School/college of pharmacy | 8 (13) |
| Received conflicting COVID-19 information |
31 (50) |
| Variable |
Mean (SD) or N (%) |
| COVID-19 testing | |
| Can recognize patients who should be tested for COVID-19 | |
| Strongly disagree | 1 (2) |
| Somewhat disagree | 2 (3) |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 9 (15) |
| Somewhat agree | 36 (58) |
| Strongly agree | 14 (23) |
| Knows where to refer patients for COVID-19 testing | |
| Strongly disagree | 5 (8) |
| Somewhat disagree | 3 (5) |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 3 (5) |
| Somewhat agree | 17 (27) |
| Strongly agree | 34 (54) |
| Is interested in offering COVID-19 testing at their pharmacy | |
| Not at all interested | 17 (27) |
| Slightly interested | 19 (31) |
| Fairly interested | 15 (24) |
| Very interested | 11 (18) |
| Disaster Preparedness | |
| Pharmacy is well-prepared to respond to COVID-19 | |
| Strongly disagree | 2 (3) |
| Somewhat disagree | 6 (10) |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 11 (18) |
| Somewhat agree | 33 (53) |
| Strongly agree | 10 (16) |
| Feels prepared as a pharmacist to respond to COVID-19 | |
| Strongly disagree | 2 (3) |
| Somewhat disagree | 3 (5) |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 9 (15) |
| Somewhat agree | 35 (57) |
| Strongly agree | 13 (21) |
| Has participated in an actual emergency response in the past 5 years (other than COVID-19) | 6 (10) |
| Pharmacy has a disaster preparedness plan | |
| Yes | 45 (73) |
| No | 11 (18) |
| Unsure | 6 (10) |
| Believes pharmacy's disaster preparedness plan is adequate for COVID-19 (N = 45) | 33 (73) |
a
All pharmacies have a rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) code greater than or equal to four.8
b
CLIA sets federal regulatory standards for all clinical laboratory testing. A CLIA waiver allows for use of simple tests with low risk of incorrect results. Most point-of-care tests are CLIA waived tests.