Table 1.
Univariate analysis comparing culture negative to culture positive patients
| Characteristic | Negative Cultures | Positive Cultures | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 9,288 | n = 1,105 | p-value | |
| mean ± sd frequency (%) |
mean ± sd frequency (%) |
||
| Age, years | 55 ± 17 | 57 ± 17 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 5,573 (60) | 574 (52) | <0.001 |
| Race | 0.941 | ||
| African American | 1,004 (11) | 114 (10) | |
| Caucasian | 7,280 (78) | 875 (79) | |
| Other | 343 (4) | 40 (4) | |
| Physiological data and lab values on presentation | |||
| Temperature maximum, °C (8,945; 1,065) | 37.8 ± 0.9 | 37.9 ± 1.0 | 0.017 |
| Temperature minimum, °C (8,945; 1,065) | 36.6 ± 0.7 | 36.5 ± 0.6 | 0.109 |
| Median heart rate, min−1 (9,270; 1,101) | 98 ± 17 | 101 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| Median respiratory rate, min−1 (9,168; 1,105) | 21 ± 5 | 21 ± 6 | 0.235 |
| Median systolic blood pressure, mmHg (9,248; 1,098) | 122 ± 22 | 120 ± 23 | 0.043 |
| Median diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (9,239; 1,098) | 64 ± 12 | 63 ± 12 | 0.226 |
| Oxygen saturation maximum, % (9,222; 1,096) | 98 ± 2 | 99 ± 2 | 0.022 |
| Oxygen saturation minimum, % (9,222; 1,096) | 91 ± 10 | 90 ± 11 | 0.012 |
| White blood cell count, K/uL (7,050; 875) | 13.7 ± 13.0 | 14.0 ± 16.2 | 0.701 |
| Hematocrit, % (7,071; 881) | 30.8 ± 6.2 | 30.7 ± 5.9 | 0.461 |
| Platelets, K/uL (7,074; 877) | 200 ± 131 | 206 ± 140 | 0.538 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L (7,011; 862) | 25.4 ± 4.7 | 24.9 ± 5.2 | 0.013 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL (6,986; 854) | 27 ± 21 | 29 ± 22 | 0.007 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL (7,064; 869) | 1.41 ± 1.40 | 1.37 ± 1.23 | 0.785 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale maximum (5,007; 614) | 13 ± 4 | 12 ± 4 | 0.377 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale minimum (5,007; 614) | 11 ± 4 | 11 ± 4 | 0.460 |
| APACHE II score (9,288, 1,105) | 12 ± 8 | 13 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| Antibiotic use | |||
| None | 3,899 (42) | 632 (57) | <0.001 |
| Received only on day 3 before presentation | 496 (5) | 119 (11) | <0.001 |
| Received on days 2 & 3 before presentation | 219 (2) | 14 (1) | 0.018 |
| Received on days 1, 2 & 3 before presentation | 1,715 (18) | 146 (13) | <0.001 |
| Received on days 1 & 3 before presentation | 111 (1) | 16 (1) | 0.468 |
| Received only on day 2 before presentation | 159 (2) | 15 (1) | 0.457 |
| Received on days 1 & 2 before presentation | 955 (10) | 31 (3) | <0.001 |
| Received only on day 1 before presentation | 1,734 (19) | 132 (12) | <0.001 |
| Before presentation | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 1,939 (21) | 167 (15) | <0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 142 (2) | 15 (1) | 0.794 |
| Plasma transfusion | 1,032 (11) | 154 (14) | 0.007 |
| Red blood cell transfusion | 1,245 (13) | 168 (15) | 0.104 |
| Platelet transfusion | 309 (3) | 51 (5) | 0.899 |
| Receiving vasopressors | 1,242 (13) | 156 (14) | 0.485 |
| Therapies initiated within 24 hours of presentation | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 2,074 (22) | 239 (22) | 0.619 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 242 (3) | 37 (3) | 0.167 |
| Plasma transfusion | 309 (3) | 51 (5) | 0.030 |
| Red blood cell transfusion | 823 (9) | 97 (9) | >0.999 |
| Platelet transfusion | 420 (5) | 70 (6) | 0.011 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Hospital Survival | 8,137 (88) | 926 (84) | <0.001 |
| Post sepsis hospital length of stay, days (9,283; 1,105) | 3.5 ± 5.1 | 4.2 ± 5.9 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± or frequency (percentage). *If patients are missing values, the numbers of patients with values for that variable are shown in parentheses after the variable (n for negative cultures; n for positive cultures). Bonferroni adjusted p-value for statistical significance p<0.008.