Table 1.
Demographic and substance use variables.
| Single substance use (n = 377) | Poly substance use (n = 741) | p Test | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | 0.309 | ||
| Female | 227 (65.4%) | 471 (65.9%) | |
| Male | 116 (33.4%) | 226 (31.6%) | |
| Other | 4 (1.2%) | 18 (2.5%) | |
| Age, n (%) | 0.169 | ||
| 18–25 | 16 (4.6%) | 30 (4.2%) | |
| 26–40 | 121 (34.7%) | 237 (33.1%) | |
| 41–60 | 142 (40.7%) | 337 (47.1%) | |
| 61–64 | 40 (11.5%) | 51 (7.1%) | |
| 65–74 | 26 (7.4%) | 54 (7.6%) | |
| 75 years or older | 4 (1.1%) | 6 (0.8%) | |
| Hispanic or Latinx, n (%) | 30 (8.6%) | 52 (7.3%) | 0.537 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.804 | ||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 4 (1.2%) | 14 (2.0%) | |
| Asian | 5 (1.4%) | 8 (1.1%) | |
| Black or African American | 18 (5.2%) | 28 (3.9%) | |
| Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.1%) | |
| Other | 15 (4.3%) | 34 (4.8%) | |
| White | 304 (87.6%) | 625 (88.0%) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.548 | ||
| Less than high school | 5 (1.4%) | 6 (0.8%) | |
| High school graduate or GED | 45 (12.9%) | 80 (11.2%) | |
| Some college, no degree | 76 (21.7%) | 180 (25.2%) | |
| Associate degree | 36 (10.3%) | 81 (11.3%) | |
| Bachelor's degree | 91 (26.0%) | 194 (27.2%) | |
| Graduate/professional degree | 97 (27.7%) | 173 (24.2%) | |
| Family member impacted by substances, n (%) | 136 (36.4%) | 313 (42.2%) | 0.068 |
| In recovery, n (%) | 177 (47.3%) | 415 (56.0%) | 0.007 |
| Receiving treatment, n (%) | 30 (8.0%) | 53 (7.2%) | 0.688 |
| Currently using substances, n (%) | 53 (14.2%) | 70 (9.4%) | 0.023 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 168 (44.6%) | 564 (76.1%) | <0.001 |
| Stimulants, n (%) | 37 (9.8%) | 439 (59.2%) | <0.001 |
| Opioids, n (%) | 100 (26.5%) | 427 (57.6%) | <0.001 |
| Marijuana, n (%) | 17 (4.5%) | 407 (54.9%) | <0.001 |
| Sedatives, n (%) | 1 (0.3%) | 239 (32.3%) | <0.001 |
| Nicotine, n (%) | 17 (4.5%) | 437 (59.0%) | <0.001 |
| Other substances, n (%) | 37 (9.8%) | 66 (8.9%) | 0.699 |
| Affected ability to receive services, n (%) | 91 (26.1%) | 277 (39.0%) | <0.001 |
| Unable to access needed services, n (%) | 34 (9.8%) | 117 (16.6%) | 0.004 |
| Able to get more take-home doses, n (%) | 9 (2.6%) | 26 (3.7%) | 0.45 |
| Able to get curbside medication, n (%) | 11 (3.2%) | 37 (5.2%) | 0.171 |
| Receiving telehealth services, n (%) | 46 (13.2%) | 153 (21.7%) | 0.001 |
| Unable to access syringe exchanges, n (%) | 2 (0.6%) | 22 (3.1%) | 0.017 |
| Unable to access usual naloxone, n (%) | 3 (0.9%) | 26 (3.7%) | 0.015 |
| An overdose occurred, n (%) | 11 (2.9%) | 36 (4.9%) | 0.177 |