Table 2. Level of specific AGEs and related metabolic biomarkers implicated for diabetic complications.
| Authors | Level of specific AGE and related metabolic biomarkers | Type of marker | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDM | Controls | ||
| Mean ±SD/Mean [95% CI] | Mean ±SD/Mean [95% CI] | ||
| Aziz et al | 1.93±0.26 | 1.43±0.26 | HOMA-IR |
| 6.51±0.33 | 5.07±0.08 | HbA1c (%) | |
| Bartakova et al | 683.64 [560.00–805.30] | 507.54 [433.56–679.50] | CML (ng/ml) |
| Boutzios et al | 2.33 ±3.34 | 1.63 ±1.44 | HOMA-IR |
| 5.4 ±0.47 | 5.35 ±0.37 | HbA1c (%) | |
| Davison et al | 6.15±0.71 | 5.39±0.39 | HbA1c (%) |
| Harsem et al | 2.18 (2.10–2.66) | 2.49 (2.37–3.19) | CML (U/ml) |
| Krishnasamy et al | 217.8 ± 86.92 | 142.3 ± 38.21 | ICAM-1 (ng/ml) |
| 15.7 ± 13.54 | 9.26 ± 5.38 | MGO (ng/ml) | |
| Krishnasamy et al | 201.04 ± 7.85 | 174.1 ± 7.11 | ICAM-1 (ng/ml) |
| Li et al | 6.21±1.03 | 3.87±0.71 | MDA (ng/ml) |
| Li and Yang | 2.53 ± 1.92 | 1.84 ± 1.21 | HOMA-IR |
| Pertyn´ ska-Marczewska | 825 (642–884 | 1231 (1040–1586) | SRAGE (pg/ml) |
| 705 (555–885) | 985 (822–1221) | SRAGE (pg/ml) | |
| Mai et al | 5.7 ±0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | HbA1c (%) |
| 1.9 ±1.2 | 1.5 ±0.9 | HOMA-IR | |
| Morales et al | 80.47±63.3 | 79.4±36.76 | ICAM-1 (ng/ml) |
| 427.58±72.7 | 420.58 ± 97.43 | VCAM-1 (ng/ml) | |
| 2.70 ±1.56 | 1.96 ±1.08 | HOMA-IR | |
AGE, Advanced glycation end products; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic assessment for insulin resistance; ICAM-1, Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; VCAM-1, Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; SRAGE, soluble receptor for AGEs; MDA, malondialdehyde; MGO, methylglyoxal; CML, Carboxymethyl-leucine.