Table 1.

Examples of opportunities

Examples of opportunities	Leveraged for
Turning points: Challenging situations rife with difficulty, uncertainty, or complexity that buck current culture or practices.
External
•Pressure from key stakeholders	Introducing values
•Norms or sensitive industry activity	Introducing values
•New business opportunities	Introducing values
•External claims (bad practices)	Introducing (in one case, also using) values
Internal
•Poor economic performance	Introducing values
•Resolution of internal conflicts	Introducing values
•Internal crisis	Introducing values
•Staff turnover/New employees and acquisition of small startups	Introducing (in a few cases, also affirming) values
•Changes of key managers	Introducing (in one case, also using) values
Decision-making processes in which realities test existing norms and policies.
Decisions about policies, products, or services	Using values
Operational decisions	Using values
Decisions about procedures	Using (in one case, also affirming) values
Transmission of culture: Communication and transmission of ethical practices and norms.
Deployment, standards of services, or cultural norms in individual behavior	Affirming values
Training of new employees	Affirming values
Some individuals’ lack of ethical motivation	Affirming values
Measuring and developing ethical skills	Affirming (in one case, also using) values