Table 2.
HRs for risk factors of interest by univariable and multivariable Cox regression
| Variable | Univariable model |
Multivariable model |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted for confoundera | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age group (years) | |||||
| <18 | 1.61 (0.78–3.35) | <0.01 | Healthcare sector, ethnicity | 1.57 (0.75–3.28) | <0.01 |
| 18–40 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 40–64 | 1.33 (1.03–1.73) | 1.33 (1.01–1.74) | |||
| 65–74 | 1.65 (1.22–2.24) | 1.68 (1.22–2.32) | |||
| ≥75 | 3.02 (2.2–4.14) | 3.10 (2.21–4.35) | |||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 1 | 0.08 | Age, healthcare sector | 1 | 0.40 |
| Black | 0.83 (0.66–1.03) | 1.00 (0.80–1.26) | |||
| Mixed ancestry | 0.68 (0.5–0.92) | 0.79 (0.58–1.09) | |||
| Indian/Asian | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | 0.97 (0.73–1.3) | |||
| Diabetes | |||||
| Non-diabetic | 1 | 0.01 | Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector | 1 | 0.21 |
| Diabetic | 1.28 (1.07–1.53) | 1.13 (0.93–1.38) | |||
| Primary diagnosis | |||||
| Cystic kidney disease | 0.40 (0.15–1.09) | <0.01 | Age, ethnicity and healthcare sector | 0.43 (0.16–1.15) | <0.01 |
| Glomerular disease | 0.91 (0.63–1.32) | 1.08 (0.74–1.58) | |||
| Hypertensive renal disease | 1 | 1 | |||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 1.10 (0.86–1.4) | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) | |||
| Aetiology unknown | 1.40 (1.14–1.71) | 1.47 (1.19–1.82) | |||
| Other | 1.79 (1.24–2.59) | 1.80 (1.24–2.62) | |||
| First modality | |||||
| TX | 0.82 (0.26–2.56) | 0.11 | Age, ethnicity, diabetes, primary diagnosis and healthcare sector | 0.63 (0.15–2.6) | 0.24 |
| PD | 0.77 (0.60–0.98) | 0.78 (0.57–1.06) | |||
| HD | 1 | 1 | |||
| Healthcare sector | |||||
| Private | 1.19 (0.94–1.50) | 0.16 | Age, ethnicity | 0.93 (0.72–1.21) | 0.61 |
| Public | 1 | 1 | |||
| Province | |||||
| North West | 0.78 (0.46–1.35) | <0.01 | Ethnicity and healthcare sector | 0.78 (0.45–1.38) | <0.01 |
| Western Cape | 1 | 1 | |||
| Limpopo | 1.20 (0.75–1.92) | 1.22 (0.74–2.01) | |||
| KwaZulu-Natal | 1.37 (1.03–1.82) | 1.33 (0.94–1.86) | |||
| Gauteng | 1.46 (1.11–1.93) | 1.38 (1.01–1.90) | |||
| Eastern Cape | 1.52 (1.09–2.13) | 1.54 (1.07–2.22) | |||
| Free State | 1.84 (1.26–2.68) | 1.83 (1.21–2.76) | |||
| Mpumalanga | 1.83 (1.16–2.88) | 1.75 (1.08–2.85) | |||
| Northern Cape | 2.51 (1.46–4.31) | 2.45 (1.38–4.35) | |||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1 | 0.84 | Age | 1 | 0.99 |
| Female | 0.98 (0.83–1.17) | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) | |||
a
The confounders are selected based on the prior knowledge that they have an association with mortality and are associated with the variable of interest but not an effect of the variable of interest nor a factor in the causal pathway of mortality.