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. 2019 Sep 11;25(11):2979–2993. doi: 10.1038/s41380-019-0519-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Pianp-deficient mice show an increased response to acute stress, a lower nesting score, no preference for a relocated object, and a deficit in contextual fear conditioning. a In the tail suspension test (TST), PianpKO mice (n = 14) moved more and had a significantly shorter time of immobility (t(26) = 2.93, p < 0.01) compared with control mice (n = 14). b In the forced swim test (FST), PianpKO mice (n = 14) swam for a longer time and had a significantly shorter time of immobility (t(24) = 2.44, p < 0.05) compared with control mice (n = 12). c In the nest building test (NBT), PianpKO mice (n = 14) had significantly lower nesting scores compared with the controls (n = 12) in the nest building after 5 h (U = 170.5, p < 0.001) and 24 h (U = 163, p < 0.001). d In the novel object recognition test (ORT), PianpKO (n = 15) (sampling: t(14) = 1.10, p > 0.05; testing: t(14) = 3.71, p < 0.01) and control mice (n = 12) (sampling: t(11) = 0.33, p > 0.05; testing: t(11) = 3.76, p < 0.01) showed a similar preference for the novel object that did not differ between the two groups (sampling: t(25) = 1.05, p > 0.05, testing: t(25) = 0.11, p > 0.05). e In the object relocation test (ORL), control mice (n = 10) showed a preference for the relocated object (sampling: t(9) = 0.45, p > 0.05; testing: t(9) = 5.30, p < 0.001) while PianpKO (n = 11) did not show a preference for the relocated object (sampling: t(10) = 0.06, p > 0.05; testing: t(10) = 0.29, p > 0.05). The preference index differed significantly between the two groups in the testing phase (sampling: t(19) = 0.20, p > 0.05; testing: t(19) = 3.38, p < 0.01). f In the contextual and cued fear conditioning, PianpKO mice (n = 12) and control mice (n = 13) showed a successful conditioning and comparable cue recall (t(24) = 0.13, p > 0.05). In context recall, however, PianpKO had a significantly lower freezing time (t(24) = 2.55, p < 0.05). Horizontal lines indicate mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, a, b two-tailed unpaired t-test, c Mann–Whitney U test, d, e one sample or two-tailed unpaired t-test